Editing July 23 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1632]] &ndash; Three hundred colonists bound for [[New France]] depart from [[Dieppe]], France.
*[[1677]] &ndash; [[Scanian War]]: [[Denmark–Norway]] [[Battle of Marstrand|captures]] the harbor town of [[Marstrand]] from Sweden.
*[[1793]] &ndash; [[Kingdom of Prussia]] re-conquers [[Mainz]] from France.
*[[1813]] &ndash; Sir [[Thomas Maitland (British Army officer)|Thomas Maitland]] is appointed as the first [[List of Governors of Malta|Governor of Malta]], transforming the island from a [[Malta Protectorate|British protectorate]] to a ''de facto'' [[Crown Colony of Malta|colony]].
*[[1821]] &ndash; While the [[Greek War of Independence|Mora Rebellion]] continues, Greeks capture [[Monemvasia|Monemvasia Castle]]. Turkish troops and citizens are transferred to Asia Minor's coasts.
*[[1829]] &ndash; In the United States, [[William Austin Burt]] patents the [[Typographer (typewriter)|typographer]], a precursor to the [[typewriter]].
*[[1840]] &ndash; The [[Province of Canada]] is created by the [[Act of Union 1840|Act of Union]].
*[[1862]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Henry Halleck]] becomes [[Commanding General of the United States Army|general-in-chief]] of the [[Union Army]].
*[[1874]] &ndash; [[Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos]] is appointed the [[Archbishop]] of the [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese]] colonial enclave of [[Portuguese Goa|Goa]], India.
*[[1881]] &ndash; The [[Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina]] is signed in [[Buenos Aires]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=La guerra entre Chile y Argentina: Una mirada desde Chile|journal=[[Historia (history of the Americas journal)|Historia]]|url=https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-71942002003500009|last=Lacoste|first=Pablo|volume=35|pages=211–249|doi=10.4067/S0717-71942002003500009|year=2002|language=Spanish|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*[[1900]] &ndash; Pressed by expanding immigration, [[Canada]] closes its doors to paupers and criminals.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the 20th Century|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1987|page=16|isbn=0-942191-01-3}}</ref>