Editing July 21 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1645]] &ndash; [[Qing dynasty]] regent [[Dorgon]] issues an [[Queue (hairstyle)#Queue order|edict]] ordering all [[Han Chinese]] men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the [[Manchus]].
*[[1656]] &ndash; The [[Raid on Málaga (1656)|Raid on Málaga]] takes place during the [[Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60)|Anglo-Spanish War]].
*[[1674]] &ndash; A [[invasion of Martinique (1674)|Dutch assault]] on the French island of [[Martinique]] is repulsed against all odds.<ref>David F. Marley, P.279 ''Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere'' (2nd. ed., 2 vols., Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008)</ref>
*[[1718]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Passarowitz]] between the [[Ottoman Empire]], Austria and the [[Republic of Venice]] is signed.
*[[1774]] &ndash; [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–74)]]: Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the [[Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca]] ending the war.
*[[1798]] &ndash; [[French campaign in Egypt and Syria]]: [[Napoleon|Napoleon's]] forces defeat an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-[[Mamluk]] army near [[Cairo]] in the [[Battle of the Pyramids]].
*[[1831]] &ndash; Inauguration of [[Leopold I of Belgium]], first king of the [[Belgians]].
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[First Battle of Bull Run]]: At [[Manassas, Virginia|Manassas Junction, Virginia]], the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] army.
*[[1865]] &ndash; In the market square of [[Springfield, Missouri]], [[Wild Bill Hickok]] [[Wild Bill Hickok – Davis Tutt shootout|shoots and kills]] [[Davis Tutt]] in what is regarded as the first western showdown.
*[[1873]] &ndash; At [[Adair, Iowa]], [[Jesse James]] and the [[James–Younger Gang]] pull off the first successful [[train robbery]] in the [[American Frontier|American Old West]].
*[[1877]] &ndash; After rioting by [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] workers and the [[Great Railroad Strike of 1877|deaths of nine rail workers]] at the hands of the [[Maryland]] militia, workers in [[Pittsburgh|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]], stage a [[sympathy strike]] that is met with an assault by the state militia.