Editing July 18 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1723]] &ndash; [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] leads the first performance of his cantata [[Erforsche mich, Gott, und erfahre mein Herz, BWV 136|''Erforsche mich, Gott, und erfahre mein Herz'', BWV 136]], in Leipzig on the eighth Sunday after [[Trinity Sunday|Trinity]].<ref name="Bach Digital">{{cite web | url = http://www.bach-digital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000168?lang=en | title = Erforsche mich, Gott, und erfahre mein Herz BWV 136; BC A 111 | website = [[Bach Digital]] | access-date = 10 July 2023}}</ref>
*[[1806]] &ndash; A [[1806 Birgu polverista explosion|gunpowder magazine explosion]] in [[Birgu]], [[Malta Protectorate|Malta]], kills around 200 people.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Bulletin, Volume 57, Issue 225 – Volume 58, Issue 232|date=2006|publisher=Military Historical Society (Great Britain)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dDNVAAAAYAAJ|page=147|ref=hv}}</ref>
*[[1812]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Orebro|Treaties of Orebro]] end both the [[Anglo-Russian War (1807–12)|Anglo-Russian]] and [[Anglo-Swedish War (1810–12)|Anglo-Swedish Wars]].<ref>{{cite book|author=United States. Dept. of State|title=Catalogue of Treaties, 1814-1918|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5oLAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA456|year=1919|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=456}}</ref>
*[[1841]] &ndash; Coronation of Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil]].<ref>{{cite book|author=D. P. KIDDER, J. C. FLETCHER|title=Brazil and the Brazilians|url=https://archive.org/details/brazilandbrazil01fletgoog|year=1857|pages=[https://archive.org/details/brazilandbrazil01fletgoog/page/n626 592]|publisher=Childs & Peterson}}</ref>
*[[1857]] &ndash; [[Louis Faidherbe]], French [[governor of Senegal]], arrives to relieve French forces at [[Kayes]], effectively ending El Hajj [[El Hadj Umar Tall|Umar Tall]]'s war against the French.
*[[1862]] &ndash; First ascent of [[Dent Blanche]], one of the highest summits in the Alps.
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Second Battle of Fort Wagner]]: One of the first formal [[African American]] military units, the [[54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry|54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry]], supported by several white regiments, attempts an unsuccessful assault on [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]]-held [[Fort Wagner|Battery Wagner]].
*[[1870]] &ndash; The [[First Vatican Council]] decrees the dogma of [[papal infallibility]].
*[[1872]] &ndash; The [[Ballot Act 1872]] in the United Kingdom introduced the requirement that parliamentary and local government elections be held by secret ballot.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hanham |first1=H. J. |title=The Nineteenth-Century Constitution 1815-1914: Documents and Commentary |date=1969 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-09560-0 |page=277 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z0xHM3jmnAUC&pg=PA277 |language=en}}</ref>