Editing July 13 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1643]] &ndash; [[English Civil War]]: [[Battle of Roundway Down]]: In England, [[Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester]], commanding the [[Cavalier|Royalist]] forces, heavily defeats the [[Roundhead|Parliamentarian]] forces led by Sir [[William Waller]].
*[[1690]] &ndash; [[Nine Years' War]]: French naval forces led by [[Anne Hilarion de Tourville]] fresh from their [[Battle of Beachy Head (1690)|victory at Beachy Head]] sail West and [[Raid on Teignmouth|launch a raid]] on the small English town of Teignmouth leaving it devastated.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hernon |first1=Ian |title=Fortress Britain All the Invasions and Incursions Since 1066 |date=2013 |publisher=History Press |page=143 |isbn=9780752497174}}</ref>
*[[1787]] &ndash; The [[Congress of the Confederation]] enacts the [[Northwest Ordinance]] establishing governing rules for the [[Northwest Territory]]. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of [[Slavery in the United States|slavery]].
*[[1793]] &ndash; Journalist and French revolutionary [[Jean-Paul Marat]] is assassinated in his bathtub by [[Charlotte Corday]], a member of the opposing political faction.  
*[[1794]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Trippstadt]] between French forces and those of [[Prussia]] and Austria begins.
*[[1814]] &ndash; The [[Carabinieri]], the national [[gendarmerie]] of Italy, is established.
*[[1830]] &ndash; The General Assembly's Institution, now the [[Scottish Church College]], one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the [[Bengali Renaissance]], is founded by [[Alexander Duff (missionary)|Alexander Duff]] and Raja [[Ram Mohan Roy]], in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], India.
*[[1831]] &ndash; ''[[Regulamentul Organic]]'', a quasi-constitutional [[organic law]] is adopted in [[Wallachia]], one of the two [[Danubian Principalities]] that were to become the basis of [[Romania]].<ref>[[Constantin C. Giurescu]], ''Istoria Bucureștilor. Din cele mai vechi timpuri pînă în zilele noastre'', Ed. Pentru Literatură, Bucharest, 1966, p. 123.</ref>
* [[1849]] &ndash; The [[Charleston Workhouse Slave Rebellion]] began in [[Charleston, South Carolina]], United States.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Strickland |first=Jeffery Glenn |title=All for liberty: the Charleston Workhouse Slave Rebellion of 1849 |date=2022 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-49259-1 |location=Cambridge (GB)}}</ref>
*[[1854]] &ndash; In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General [[José María Yáñez]] stops the French invasion led by Count [[Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon]].
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: The [[New York City draft riots]] begin three days of rioting which will later be regarded as the worst in United States history.
*[[1878]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Berlin (1878)|Treaty of Berlin]]: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. [[Serbia]], [[Montenegro]] and [[Romania]] become completely independent of the [[Ottoman Empire]].