Editing Julio-Claudian dynasty (section)

=== Augustus ===
{{Main|Augustus}}
Lacking any male child and heir, Augustus married his only child—a daughter—[[Julia the Elder|Julia]] to his nephew [[Marcus Claudius Marcellus (Julio-Claudian dynasty)|Marcus Claudius Marcellus]]. Marcellus, however, died of food poisoning in 23 BC.  Augustus then married his widowed daughter to his loyal friend, [[Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa]], previously married to Augustus' niece, the sister of Marcellus. This marriage produced five children, three sons and two daughters: [[Gaius Caesar]], [[Lucius Caesar]], [[Julia the Younger]], [[Agrippina the Elder]], and [[Agrippa Postumus]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cadoux |first1=Theodore John |last2=Seager|first2=Robin J. |title= Oxford Classical Dictionary |chapter=Iulia (3) (RE 'Iulius' 550) |url= |date= 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press  |isbn=978-0-19-954556-8 |access-date=}}</ref>

Gaius and Lucius, the first two children of Julia and Agrippa, were adopted by Augustus and became heirs to the throne; however, Augustus also showed great favour toward his wife Livia's two children from her first marriage: [[Tiberius]] and [[Nero Claudius Drusus|Drusus]]. They were successful military leaders who had fought against the barbarian Germanic tribes.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

Agrippa died in 12 BC, and Tiberius was ordered by Augustus to divorce his wife [[Vipsania Agrippina]], daughter of Agrippa by his first marriage, and marry his stepsister, the twice-widowed Julia. Drusus, the brother of Tiberius, died in 9 BC after falling from a horse. Tiberius shared in Augustus' tribune powers, but shortly thereafter, in 6 BC, he went into voluntary exile in [[Rhodes]].  After the early deaths of both Lucius (AD 2) and Gaius (AD 4) and the exile of both Julia the Elder and Younger for adultery, a turn of events which saw the elder Julia's half brother [[Publius Cornelius Scipio (consul 16 BC)|Publius Cornelius Scipio]] exiled for treason, Mark Antony's son [[Iullus Antonius]] committing suicide and Julia the Younger's husband [[Lucius Aemilius Paullus (consul 1)|Lucius Aemilius Paullus]] being executed for conspiracy, Augustus was forced to recognize Tiberius as the next Roman emperor.  Augustus banished his grandson Postumus Agrippa, who was adopted after the death of his brothers, to the small island of [[Pianosa|Planasia]] (around AD 6 or 7) where he was later executed, and Tiberius was recalled to Rome and officially adopted by Augustus. By Augustus' request, Tiberius adopted his nephew Germanicus, son of his late brother Drusus and biological great-nephew of Augustus through his mother. Germanicus subsequently married Augustus' granddaughter Agrippina.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Spawforth|first1=Antony |last2=Balsdon|first2=John P. |title= Oxford Classical Dictionary |chapter=Vipsania Agrippina (2) |url= |date= 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press  |isbn=978-0-19-954556-8 |access-date=}}</ref>