Editing Jubilee line (section)

=== 1939 to 1979, the Fleet line ===
{{Fleet Line RDT}}
The planning for the Tube network immediately before and after [[World War II]] considered several new routes. The main results of this study concerned two major routes: the south-to-northeast "line C", and lines 3 and 4, new cross-town routes, linking the northwest suburbs to [[Fenchurch Street railway station|Fenchurch Street]], [[Wapping railway station|Wapping]] and variously [[Lewisham station|Lewisham]] and [[Hayes railway station|Hayes]]. Line C opened as the [[Victoria line]], in stages, from 1968 to 1972. Work on the northwest–southeast route continued.

The "Fleet line" was mentioned in a 1965 ''[[The Times|Times]]'' article, discussing options after the Victoria line had been completed – suggesting that the Fleet line could take a route via Baker Street, Bond Street, Trafalgar Square, Strand, Fleet Street, Ludgate Circus and Cannon Street, then proceeding into southeast London.<ref >{{cite news |title= More Tube Lines Discussed : Easing Travel Load |work=The Times |date=27 April 1965  |location=London |page=7|id={{Gale|CS118581403 }}}}</ref> The new line was to have been called the Fleet line,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Willis |first=Jon |title=Extending the Jubilee Line: The planning story |publisher=London Transport |year=1999 |oclc=637966374}}</ref> partly because it ran along Fleet Street, which itself is named after the [[River Fleet]] (although it would only have crossed under the Fleet at Ludgate Circus; the central London section mostly follows the [[Tyburn (stream)|Tyburn]]).

In 1971, construction began on the new Fleet line. Economic pressure and doubt over the final destination of the line had led to a staged approach. In the first stage, the Baker Street to Stanmore branch of the Bakerloo line was joined at Baker Street to a new {{convert|2.5|mi|0|adj=on}} segment into central London, with intermediate stops at Bond Street and Green Park and terminating at a new station at [[Charing Cross tube station|Charing Cross]], thereby relieving pressure on the West End section of the Bakerloo line between Baker Street and Charing Cross and also allowing increased frequencies on the section north of Baker Street. The new tube was to offer cross-platform interchange between the Bakerloo and Fleet at Baker Street, as pioneered on the Victoria line. The work was completed in 1979. As part of the works, Trafalgar Square (Bakerloo) and Strand (Northern) stations were combined into a single station complex, Charing Cross. The existing Charing Cross tube station was renamed [[Embankment tube station|Embankment]].

[[File:1983 Stock at Kilburn tube station in 1988.jpg|thumb|left|1983 Stock train to Stanmore at [[Kilburn tube station|Kilburn]] in 1988]]

Another part of the works included a section of test tunnel, built near [[New Cross]]. This part of London has waterlogged soil that is difficult to tunnel in, so a new tunnelling method, called the [[bentonite]] shield, was used experimentally in 1972 to construct a {{Cvt|150|m}} section of tunnel on the line of the proposed Phase 2 route.<ref name="BE">{{cite book |last1=Badsey-Ellis |first1=Antony |title=Building London's Underground: From Cut-and-Cover to Crossrail |date=2016 |publisher=Capital Transport Publishing |isbn=978-1-85414-397-6 |pages=299–301}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The Jubilee Line |last=Horne |first=Mike |publisher=Capital Transport |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-85414-220-7 |page=37}}</ref> The experiment was successful, leading to the introduction of this method of construction elsewhere,<ref name="BE" /> but when the planned route was altered, this {{convert|180|m|ft|adj=on}} section was left abandoned.<ref>{{cite book|title=Jubilee Line Extension : From Concept to Completion|first=Bob|last=Mitchell|publisher=Thomas Telford|page=3|year=2003|isbn=978-0-727-73028-2}}</ref>

In 1975, when plans were under way to introduce the [[London Transport Executive (GLC)|London Transport]] [[AEC Routemaster#Colour schemes|Silver Jubilee Bus]] fleet, the then Sales Manager of London Transport Advertising, Geoffrey Holliman, proposed to the Chairman of LTE, [[Kenneth Robinson (British politician)|Kenneth Robinson]], that the Fleet line should be renamed the Jubilee line.{{cn|date=November 2024}} However, this idea was initially rejected because of the additional costs involved. Nevertheless, the name was ultimately chosen for the line after [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II's]] 1977 [[Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Silver Jubilee]] following a pledge made by the Conservatives in the [[1977 Greater London Council election|Greater London Council election of 1977]]. The original choice of [[battleship grey]] for the line's colour was based on the naval meaning of the word ''fleet'';{{cn|date=November 2024}} this became a lighter grey, representing the [[silver colour]] of the Jubilee itself.

The line was officially opened by the [[Charles III|Prince of Wales]] (now King Charles III) on 30 April 1979, with passenger services operating from 1 May 1979.<ref name=CULG>{{cite web |url=http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/jubilee.html#dates |title=Jubilee Line, Dates |publisher=Clive's Underground Line Guides |access-date=12 February 2008}}</ref><ref name=rose>{{Cite book |last=Rose |first=Douglas |title=The London Underground, A Diagrammatic History |year=1999 |publisher=Douglas Rose/Capital Transport |location=London |isbn=978-1-85414-219-1}}</ref>