Editing Juan Bautista de Anza (section)

==Governor of New Mexico==
[[File:'Portrait of Juan Bautista de Anza' by Ira Diamond Gerald Cassidy, El Paso Museum of Art.JPG|thumb|left|Portrait by [[Gerald Cassidy (artist)|Gerald Cassidy]]]]
On his return from this successful expedition in 1777 he journeyed to [[Mexico City]] with the chief of the lower [[Colorado River]] area [[Quechan]] (Yuma) [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribe who requested the establishment of a mission. On August 24, 1777, the [[List of viceroys of New Spain|Viceroy of New Spain]] appointed Anza as the [[Spanish governors of New Mexico|Governor]] of the [[Santa Fe de Nuevo México|Province of Nuevo México]], the present-day U.S. state of [[New Mexico]].

Governor Anza led a [[punitive expedition]] against the [[Comanche]] group of Native Americans, who had been repeatedly raiding [[Taos, New Mexico|Taos]] during 1779. With his  [[Ute Tribe|Ute]] and [[Apache]] Native American allies, and around 800 Spanish soldiers, Anza went north through the [[San Luis Valley]], entering the [[Great Plains]] at what is now [[Manitou Springs, Colorado]]. Circling "El Capitan" (current day Pikes Peak), he surprised a small force of the Comanche near present-day [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]]. Pursuing them south down [[Fountain Creek]], he crossed the [[Arkansas River]] near present-day [[Pueblo, Colorado]]. He found the main body of the Comanche on Greenhorn Creek, returning from a raid in Nuevo México, and won a decisive victory. Chief [[Cuerno Verde]], for whom Greenhorn Creek is named, and many other leaders of the Comanche were killed.<ref name="Thomas-1">Thomas, Alfred Barnaby (ed.) (1932) "Governor Anza's Expedition against the Comanche 1779" ''Forgotten Frontiers: A Study of the Spanish Indian Policy of Don Juan Bautista de Anza, Governor of New Mexico, 1777–1787'' University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, pp. 66–71 {{OCLC|68116825}}</ref>

In late 1779, Anza and his party found a route from [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] to Sonora, west of the [[El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro]]. His various local military expeditions against tribes defending their homelands were often successful, but the Quechan (Yuma) Native American tribe which he had established peace with earlier rebelled, and he fell out of favor with the military commander of the Northern Frontier, the frontier-general. In 1783 Anza led a campaign against the [[Comanche]] on the [[Llano Estacado|eastern plains]] and by 1784 they were suing for peace. The last of the Comanche chiefs eventually acceded and a formal treaty was concluded on 28 February 1786 at [[Pecos Pueblo]].<ref>A full translation of the treaty is set out at Thomas, Alfred Barnaby (ed.) (1932) "The Spanish-Comanche Peace Treaty of 1786" ''Forgotten Frontiers: A Study of the Spanish Indian Policy of Don Juan Bautista de Anza, Governor of New Mexico, 1777–1787'' University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, pp. 329–332 {{OCLC|68116825}}</ref> This paved the way for traders and the development of the [[Comanchero]] trade.

Juan Bautista de Anza remained as governor of Nuevo Mexico (New Mexico) until 1787 when he returned to [[Sonora, Mexico|Sonora]]. He was appointed commander of the [[Spanish period of Arizona|Presidio of Tucson]] in 1788 but died before he could depart and take office. He was 52 years old.  Anza was survived by his wife.

Juan Bautista de Anza died in Arizpe, in what is now the State of Sonora, Mexico, and was buried in the ''Church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Arizpe''. In 1963, with the participation of delegations from the [[University of California, Berkeley]] and [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], he was disinterred and reburied in a new marble memorial mausoleum at the same Church.