Editing John Peckham (section)

===Reorganization of the archdiocese===
About 1270, he returned to England to teach at Oxford, and was elected provincial minister of the Franciscans in England in 1275.<ref name=BHOCant>Greenway "Canterbury: Archbishops" ''Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066-1300: Volume 2'': Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces)</ref> He did not long remain in that post, being summoned to Rome as ''lector sacri palatii,'' or theological lecturer at the papal palace.<ref name=Thought169>Knowles ''Evolution of Medieval Thought'' p. 169</ref> It is likely that he composed his ''Expositio super Regulam Fratrum Minorum'', a work that included information on preaching, a subject that Peckham felt was of great importance.<ref name=Douie270/> In 1279 he was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by [[Pope Nicholas III]] who had prohibited the election of [[Robert Burnell]], Edward I's preferred candidate. He was provided (appointed by the pope to the see) on 25 January 1279 and consecrated on 19 February 1279.<ref name=Handbook233>Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 233</ref>

Peckham laid stress on discipline, which often resulted in conflict with his clergy. His first episcopal act was calling a council at [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]] in July 1279 to implement ecclesiastical reform, but Peckham's specifying that a copy of ''[[Magna Carta]]'' should be hung in all [[cathedral]] and [[collegiate church]]es offended the king as an unnecessary intrusion into political affairs. Another ruling was on non-residence of clergy in their livings. The only exception Peckham was prepared to make on non-residence was if the clerk needed to go abroad to study.<ref name=Edward250>Prestwich ''Edward I'' p. 250</ref> At the [[Parliament of England|Parliament]] of Winchester in 1279, the archbishop compromised and Parliament invalidated any regulation of the council dealing with royal policies or power. The copies of Magna Carta were taken down.<ref name=Edward251>Prestwich ''Edward I'' p. 251</ref> One reason the archbishop may have backed down was that he was in debt to the Italian banking family of the [[Riccardi family|Riccardi]], who also were bankers to Edward and the pope, and Peckham was under threat of [[excommunication]] from the pope unless he repaid the loans.<ref name=Edward252>Prestwich ''Edward I'' p. 252</ref>

However, Peckham worked hard to reorganise the estates of the diocese, and held an inquiry in 1283 through 1285 into the revenues of the see. He set up administrative structures in the manors that divided them into seven administrative groups.<ref name=Lordship248>DeBoulay ''Lordship of Canterbury'' p. 248</ref> Peckham, though, was almost continually in debt, and because he was a Franciscan, he had no personal property to help with his living expenses. He had inherited the diocesan debts that his predecessor had allowed to accumulate, and never managed to clear them.<ref name=Moorman173>Moorman ''Church Life'' p. 173</ref>