Editing January 31 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1606]] &ndash; [[Gunpowder Plot]]: Four of the conspirators, including [[Guy Fawkes]], are executed for treason by [[Hanged, drawn and quartered|hanging, drawing and quartering]], for plotting against [[Parliament of England|Parliament]] and [[James VI and I|King James]].<ref>{{citation|last=Fraser|first=Antonia|author-link=Antonia Fraser|title=The Gunpowder Plot|publisher=Phoenix|year=2005|orig-year=1996|isbn=0-7538-1401-3|pages=279–283}}</ref>
*[[1609]] &ndash;  [[Bank of Amsterdam|Wisselbank of Amsterdam]] established<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.onthisday.com/history/date/1609/january/31 |title=Today's Historical Events |website=onthisday.com |date=31 January 1609 |access-date=9 February 2023}}</ref>
*[[1703]] –  [[Forty-seven rōnin]], under the command of [[Ōishi Yoshio|Ōishi Kuranosuke]], avenged the death of their master, by killing [[Kira Yoshinaka]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Dudley Andrew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHNZAAAAMAAJ |title=Kenji Mizoguchi, a guide to references and resources |author2=Paul Andrew |publisher=G.K. Hall |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-8161-8469-9 |page=106}}</ref>
*[[1747]] &ndash; The first [[venereal disease]]s clinic opens at [[London Lock Hospital]].
*[[1814]] &ndash; [[Gervasio Antonio de Posadas]] becomes [[Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata]] (present-day Argentina).
*[[1846]] &ndash; After the [[Milwaukee Bridge War]], the United States towns of Juneautown and Kilbourntown unify to create the City of [[Milwaukee]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Milwaukee (Wis.)|author-link=Milwaukee|title=Charter and Ordinances of the City of Milwaukee, and Amendatory Acts, Together with a List of Officers and Rules and Regulations of the Common Council|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oS5EAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA42|year=1852|publisher=Daily Sentinel Book and Job Office Print|pages=42}}</ref>
*[[1848]] &ndash; [[John C. Frémont]] is [[court-martial]]ed for mutiny and disobeying orders.
*[[1862]] &ndash; [[Alvan Graham Clark]] discovers the [[white dwarf]] star Sirius B, a companion of [[Sirius]], through an {{convert|18.5|in|cm|adj=on}} telescope now located at [[Northwestern University]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Schilling|first=Govert|title=Atlas of Astronomical Discoveries|location=New York|publisher=Springer|date=2011|isbn=9781441978103|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e6OXczLD_tkC|page=71}}</ref>
*[[1865]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: The [[United States Congress]] passes the [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]], abolishing slavery, and submits it to the states for ratification.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=Kagan|editor-first1=Neil|editor-last2=Hyslop|editor-first2=Stephen G.|title=Smithsonian Civil War: Inside the National Collection|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=Smithsonian Books|date=2013|isbn=9781588343895|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EcNvDwAAQBAJ|page=292}}</ref>
*  1865   &ndash; American Civil War: [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] General [[Robert E. Lee]] becomes general-in-chief of all Confederate armies.<ref>{{cite book|last=Eicher|first=David J.|title=The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War|location=New York|publisher=Simon & Schuster|date=2001|isbn=9780684849454|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1p94XzYASDAC|page=786}}</ref>
*[[1891]] &ndash; [[History of Portugal (1834–1910)|History of Portugal]]: The first attempt at a Portuguese [[republicanism|republican]] revolution breaks out in the northern city of [[Porto]].
*[[1900]] &ndash; Datu Muhammad Salleh is killed in Kampung Teboh, Tambunan, ending the [[Mat Salleh Rebellion]].