Editing January 23 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1656]] &ndash; [[Blaise Pascal]] publishes the first of his ''[[Lettres provinciales]]''.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Blaise|last1=Pascal|author-link1=Blaise Pascal|first2=Roger|last2=Ariew|title=Pensees|year=2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DdlNuvGMPisC&pg=PR18|publisher=Hackett Publishing|isbn=1-60384-404-X|pages=18}}</ref>
*[[1719]] &ndash; The [[Principality]] of [[Liechtenstein]] is created within the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Instituto del Tercer Mundo|title=The World Guide: A View From the South|location=Oxford, U.K.|publisher=New Internationalist Publications|date=2005|isbn=9781904456117|page=353}}</ref>
*[[1755]] &ndash; [[Moscow State University|Moscow University]] is established (12 January 1755 [[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Papmehl|first=K.A.|title=Freedom of Expression in Eighteenth Century Russia|location=The Hague|publisher=Nijhoff|date=1971|isbn=9789024711116|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ba2BwAAQBAJ|page=21}}</ref>
*[[1789]] &ndash; [[Georgetown University|Georgetown College]], the first [[Catholic university]] in the United States, is founded in [[Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)|Georgetown, Maryland]] (now a part of Washington, D.C.) when Bishop [[John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore)|John Carroll]], Rev. [[Robert Molyneux]], and Rev. John Ashton purchase land for the proposed academy for the education of youth.<ref>{{cite book|last=Conn|first=James Jerome|title=Catholic Universities in the United States and Ecclesiastical Authority|location=Rome|publisher=Editrice Pontificia Università Gregoriana|date=1991|isbn=9788876526398|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nCKk0nNBqPgC|page=134}}</ref>
*[[1793]] &ndash; [[Second Partition of Poland]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lukowski|first1=Jerzy|last2=Zawadzki|first2=Hubert|title=A Concise History of Poland|location=Cambridge, UK|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2006|isbn=9780521853323|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HMylRh-wHWEC|page=128}}</ref>
*[[1795]] &ndash; After crossing the frozen [[Zuiderzee]], the French cavalry [[Capture of the Dutch fleet at Den Helder|captured 14 Dutch ships and 850 guns]], in a rare occurrence of surrender of naval vessels to land forces.
*[[1846]] &ndash; [[Slavery in Tunisia]] is abolished.<ref>{{in lang|ar}} [http://www.archives.nat.tn/pdf_doc/849300.PDF Original decree of 23 January 1846 on the enfranchisement of slaves (National archives of Tunisia)]</ref>
*[[1849]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth Blackwell]] is awarded her M.D. by the [[Geneva Medical College]] of [[Geneva, New York]], becoming the United States' first female doctor.
*[[1870]] &ndash; In [[Montana]], U.S. cavalrymen kill 173 [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]], mostly women and children, in what becomes known as the [[Marias Massacre]].
*[[1879]] &ndash; [[Anglo-Zulu War]]: The [[Battle of Rorke's Drift]] ends.
*[[1899]] &ndash; The [[Malolos Constitution]] is inaugurated, establishing the [[First Philippine Republic]]. [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] is sworn in as its [[List of presidents of the Philippines|first]] [[President of the Philippines|president]].
*[[1900]] &ndash; [[Second Boer War]]: The [[Battle of Spion Kop]] between the forces of the [[South African Republic]] and the [[Orange Free State]] and British forces ends in a British defeat.