Editing Jan Karol Chodkiewicz (section)

===War in the North===
[[File:Jan Karal Chadkievič. Ян Караль Хадкевіч (1750).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Grand Hetman Chodkiewicz]]
A year later, in 1601, Chodkiewicz accompanied Zamoyski north, to the [[Duchy of Livonia]] (Inflanty), where he commanded Lithuanian units on the right wing of the Commonwealth army in a victorious [[battle of Kokenhausen]] in late July that year in the [[Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)|war against Sweden]].<ref name="psb364"/> He oversaw the fighting in the Livonia theater after Zamoyski's return to Poland in 1602.<ref name="psb364"/> <!--Chodkiewicz, despite inadequate supplies and little support from the Commonwealth [[Sejm]] ([[parliament]]) and King [[Sigismund III Vasa|Sigismund III]], brilliantly distinguished himself, capturing fortress after fortress and repulsing the duke of [[Södermanland]], afterwards [[Charles IX of Sweden|Charles IX]], from [[Riga]]. unref--> In April 1603, he captured [[Dorpat]] (modern Tartu) and defeated the Swedish forces at the [[Battle of Weissenstein]] on 23 September 1604.<ref name="psb364"/> His crowning achievement was the great victory near the [[Daugava]] in the [[Battle of Kircholm]] (modern [[Salaspils]]) on  27 September 1605, when, with barely 4,000 troops, mostly the [[Winged Hussars|Winged hussar]] heavy cavalry, he annihilated a Swedish army three times the size of his force.<ref name="psb364"/> For that feat he received letters of congratulation from [[Pope Paul V]], most of Catholic royalty, and even the [[Ahmed I|Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]] and the [[Abbas the Great|Shah of Persia]].<ref name="psb364"/> Soon afterward, he was rewarded with the rank of Lithuanian Grand Hetman, in addition to a number of royal land grants and leases.<ref name="psb364"/>

Yet this great victory was virtually fruitless, owing to the domestic dissensions; the [[Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Sejm]] (Commonwealth parliament) failed to agree on raising the funds needed for the war effort.<ref name="psb364"/> <!-- Chodkiewicz's own army, unpaid for years, abandoned him en masse in order to plunder the estates of their political opponents, leaving the hetman to carry on the war as best as he could with a handful of mercenaries paid out of the pockets of himself and his friends.--> Chodkiewicz was one of the magnates who remained loyal to king [[Sigismund III Vasa]], and helped him to defeat the [[Zebrzydowski rebellion]] in 1606–1607.<ref name="psb364"/> He commanded the Crown Army's right wing during the [[Battle of Guzów]] on 6–7 July 1607, in which the insurgents were defeated, and then quelled the unrest in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], fighting against another rebellious magnate, [[Janusz Radziwiłł (1579–1620)|Janusz Radziwiłł]], until Radziwiłł negotiated a settlement with the king in 1608.<ref name="psb364"/> A fresh invasion of Livonia by the Swedes recalled him thither once more, and in 1609 he relieved [[Riga]] and recaptured [[Pernau]].<ref name="psb364"/> He improvised a [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Navy|small fleet]] and dealt a surprise blow to the [[Swedish Navy]] at the [[Battle of Salis]].<ref name="psb365"/>