Editing James V (section)

=== Albany's regency ===
[[File:John d'Albany.jpg|left|thumb|[[John Stewart, Duke of Albany]], regent of James V from 1515 to 1524]]

Albany arrived at [[Dumbarton Castle]] with eight ships and a troop of French soldiers in May 1514.<ref>Emond, Ken, ''James V'' (John Donald, 2019), p. 54.</ref> He entered [[Edinburgh]] on 26 May, and in July [[Parliament of Scotland|Parliament]] confirmed his restoration as Duke of Albany and his position as regent. Albany's noble supporters intended his arrival to bring stable and good government, while [[Francis I of France]] sought to use Albany to maintain support for the [[Auld Alliance]] with France.<ref name="Emond60">Emond, Ken, ''James V'' (John Donald, 2019), p. 60.</ref> The first year of his regency was a period when a vigorous defence of his authority was essential to prevent the crumbling of Scottish government either into anarchy or into English control.<ref name=Emond60/>

The struggle for control of the person of the King was an essential prelude to Albany's attempt to govern, as he was aware from the beginning that his claims to act for the King and with full royal authority depended on the continued goodwill of the King himself, or rather of whoever had control of his person and could therefore claim to speak with his voice. Margaret and Angus were potentially hostile to Albany's intentions, and James V had to be removed from their influence.<ref>Emond, Ken, ''James V'' (John Donald, 2019), p. 79.</ref> Albany besieged Stirling Castle and Margaret was forced to relinquish possession of the King and the Duke of Ross.<ref name=Emond60/> James would not see his mother again for two years.<ref name="Ross194">Ross, Stewart, ''The Stewart Dynasty'' (Thomas and Lochar, 1993), p. 194.</ref> Having lost the regency, her income and control of her sons, Margaret departed from the court in September 1515, fleeing from [[Linlithgow Palace]], where she had gone for her lying in, to [[Tantallon Castle]], where she gave birth to her daughter, [[Lady Margaret Douglas]], in [[Northumberland]].<ref>Emond, Ken, ''James V'' (John Donald, 2019), pp. 91–92.</ref>

The birth and long journey left her extremely ill and she was not told of the death of her second son Alexander in December 1515 until she had recovered her strength. The Earl of Angus made his peace with Albany later in 1516.<ref>Emond, Ken, ''James V'' (John Donald, 2019), p. 61.</ref>

A contemporary tribute, paid to the Duke of Albany's success in bringing order and good government to Scotland, by [[Sebastian Giustinian]], the [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] Ambassador at Henry VIII's Court, was that Scotland, "...was as much under Albany's control as if he were King...".<ref>Emond, Ken, ''James V'' (John Donald, 2019), p. 143.</ref> In February 1517, James was brought from Stirling to the [[Palace of Holyroodhouse]] in [[Edinburgh]], but during an outbreak of plague in the city, he was moved to the care of [[Antoine d'Arces]] at nearby rural [[Craigmillar Castle]].<ref>''Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland'', vol. 5, p. 130.</ref>

At Stirling, the ten-year-old James had a guard of 20 footmen dressed in his colours, red and yellow. When he went to the park below the Castle, "by secret and in right fair and soft wedder (weather)", six horsemen would scour the countryside two miles roundabout for intruders.<ref>''HMC Earl of Mar & Kellie at Alloa House'' (London, 1904), pp. 11–12.</ref> Poets wrote their own nursery rhymes for James and advised him on royal behavior. Although his academic development was effectively cut short under Angus's captivity from 1525 onward, James V had been given a strong grounding by a number of tutors, including [[David Lyndsay]] and [[Gavin Dunbar (archbishop of Glasgow)|Gavin Dunbar]].<ref name="Ross197">Ross, Stewart, ''The Stewart Dynasty'' (Thomas and Lochar, 1993), p. 197.</ref> James had been taught French and Latin, but as an adult, he spoke halting French, and his need for an interpreter to converse with an Italian bishop suggests that his spoken Latin and Italian were poor.<ref name=Ross197/><ref name="Cameron556">Cameron, Jamie, ''James V'' (Tuckwell, 1998), p. 556.</ref>

[[File:6th Earl of Angus.jpg|right|thumb|[[Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus]], James V's step-father]]

Between 1517 and 1520, Albany sojourned in France, and did not exercise the regency in person, but through his lieutenants including [[Antoine d'Arces]], sieur de la Bastie. On 26 August 1517 Albany and [[Charles IV, Duke of Alençon|Charles, Duke of Alençon]] agreed the [[Treaty of Rouen (1517)|Treaty of Rouen]], which renewed the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France and promised a French royal bride for James V. At England's request, Albany was detained in France for four years, and with him absent, Queen Margaret returned to Scotland and sought in vain to regain the regency.<ref name=Ross194/> Young James V was kept a virtual prisoner by Albany and his lieutenants, and Margaret was allowed to see her son only once between 1516 and the end of Albany's regency in 1524. Following the signing of the [[Treaty of Bruges (1521)]] between [[Henry VIII of England]] and [[Holy Roman Emperor Charles V]], Francis I allowed the Duke of Albany to return to Scotland to strengthen the Franco-Scottish alliance.<ref name="Ross195">Ross, Stewart, ''The Stewart Dynasty'' (Thomas and Lochar, 1993), p. 195.</ref>

The Treaty of Rouen was ratified, and [[Madeleine of Valois]] was suggested as a suitable bride for James V. When the Duke of Albany returned in November 1521 Margaret sided with him against her husband, the Earl of Angus. Albany came to [[Edinburgh Castle]], where James V was kept, and in a public ceremony, the keeper gave him the keys, which he passed to Margaret, who gave them back to Albany, symbolising that the government of Scotland was in his hands.<ref>Ken Emond, ''The Minority of James V'' (Edinburgh, 2019), p. 140.</ref> Thus, Albany was able to keep an upper hand in regard to the ambitious Angus. The regent put Angus under charges of high treason in December 1521 and later sent him practically a prisoner to France. In November 1522, Albany took an army to besiege [[Wark on Tweed Castle|Wark Castle]] defended by William Lisle, but gave up after three days when the weather deteriorated.<ref>Ken Emond, ''The Minority of James V'' (Edinburgh, 2019), p. 175.</ref>