Editing James Naismith (section)

==University of Kansas==
{{Stack|
[[File: Kansas U team 1899.jpg|right|thumb|1899 University of Kansas basketball team, with James Naismith at the back, right]]
[[File: Allen Fieldhouse.jpg|right|thumb|Basketball games at [[Allen Fieldhouse]] take place on the James Naismith Court.]]
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The [[Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball|University of Kansas]] men's basketball program officially began following Naismith's arrival in 1898, seven years after Naismith drafted the sport's first official rules. Naismith was not initially hired to coach basketball, but rather as a chapel director and physical-education instructor.<ref name=untold>{{cite web
 | last = Chimelis
 | first = Ron
 | title = Naismith Untold
 | work = Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
 | url= http://www.hoophall.com/history/naismith-untold-story.html | access-date = September 30, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071102090506/http://www.hoophall.com/history/naismith-untold-story.html |archive-date = November 2, 2007}}</ref> In those early days, the majority of the basketball games were played against nearby YMCA teams, with YMCAs across the nation having played an integral part in the birth of basketball. Other common opponents were [[Haskell Indian Nations University]] and [[William Jewell College]]. Under Naismith, the team played only one current [[Big 12]] school: [[Kansas State Wildcats men's basketball|Kansas State]] (once). Naismith is, ironically, the only coach in the program's history to have a losing record (55–60).<ref name=kurecord>{{cite web
 |title=Naismith's Record
 |work=kusports.com
 |url=http://www.kusports.com/basketball/history/naismith/naismith_record.html
 |access-date=September 30, 2008 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704144839/http://www.kusports.com/basketball/history/naismith/naismith_record.html
 |archive-date=July 4, 2008 }}</ref> However, Naismith coached [[Phog Allen|Forrest "Phog" Allen]], his eventual successor at Kansas,<ref name=kshs>{{cite web
 | title = James Naismith, A Kansas Portrait
 | work = Kansas Historical Society
 | url= http://www.kshs.org/portraits/naismith_james.htm | access-date = September 30, 2008 }}</ref> who went on to join his mentor in the [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web
 | title = Forrest C. "Phog" Allen
 | work = Naismith Museum And Hall of Fame
 | url= http://hoophall.com/halloffamers/bhof-phog-allen.html
 | access-date = September 30, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071230130907/http://www.hoophall.com/halloffamers/bhof-phog-allen.html |archive-date = December 30, 2007}}</ref>

When Allen became a coach himself and told him that he was going to coach basketball at [[Baker University]] in 1904, Naismith discouraged him: "You can't coach basketball; you just play it."<ref name=mcgill /> Instead, Allen embarked on a coaching career that would lead him to be known as "the Father of Basketball Coaching". During his time at Kansas, Allen coached [[Dean Smith]] (1952 National Championship team) and [[Adolph Rupp]] (1922 Helms Foundation National Championship team). Smith and Rupp have joined Naismith and Allen as [[List of members of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame|members of the Basketball Hall of Fame]].

By the turn of the century, enough college teams were in the East that the first intercollegiate competitions could be played out.<ref name=kshs/> Although the sport continued to grow, Naismith long regarded the game as a curiosity and preferred gymnastics and [[Scholastic wrestling|wrestling]] as better forms of physical activity.<ref name=kshs/> However, basketball became a [[Basketball at the 1904 Summer Olympics|demonstration sport]] at the [[1904 Summer Olympics]] in [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]]. As the [[Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame]] reports, Naismith was not interested in self-promotion nor was he interested in the glory of competitive sports.<ref name=hof>{{cite web
 | work = Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
 | title = Hall of Fame Feature: James Naismith
 | url= http://hoophall.com/halloffamers/bhof-james-naismith.html | access-date = September 30, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071123173152/http://www.hoophall.com/halloffamers/bhof-james-naismith.html |archive-date = November 23, 2007}}</ref> Instead, he was more interested in his physical-education career; he received an honorary PE master's degree in 1910,<ref name=museumtimeline/> patrolled the [[Mexico – United States border|Mexican border]] for four months in 1916, traveled to France, and published two books (''A Modern College'' in 1911 and ''Essence of a Healthy Life'' in 1918). He took American citizenship on May 4, 1925.<ref name="Porter 2005 pp. 346–347"/> In 1909, Naismith's duties at Kansas were redefined as a professorship; he served as the ''de facto'' athletic director at Kansas for much of the early 20th century.

Naismith had "strong feelings against [[racial segregation|segregation]]," dating back to his World War I-era service in France and his service on the United States-Mexico border, and he strove for progress in race relations through modest steps. During the 1930s, he would not or could not get [[African-Americans]] onto Kansas' varsity Jayhawks, but he did help engineer the admission of black students to the university's [[swimming pool]]. Until then, they had been given automatic passing grades on a required swimming test without entering the pool, so it could remain all-white.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/03/upshot/choices-on-race-even-from-basketballs-beginnings.html?action=click&module=RelatedCoverage&pgtype=Article&region=Footer|title=Naismith's Choices on Race, From Basketball's Beginnings|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 2, 2014|author=Michael Beschloss|access-date=December 29, 2018}}</ref>

Through Naismith's association with Baker University Basketball Coach Emil Liston, he became familiar and impressed with Emil Liston's fraternity at Baker University, [[Sigma Phi Epsilon]] (SigEp). As a result, he started the effort to bring a Sigma Phi Epsilon chapter to his University of Kansas (KU). On February 18, 1923, Naismith, intending to bring a SigEp Chapter to KU, was initiated as a SigEp member by national office of the fraternity. Under Naismith's leadership, the University of Kansas Sigma Phi Epsilon chapter was founded and officially Charted on April 28, 1923, with Naismith leading the new 40-member fraternity as "Chapter Counselor".   Naismith was deeply involved with the members, serving as Chapter Counselor for 16 years, from 1923 until his death in 1939. During those 16 years as Chapter Counselor, he married SigEp's housemother, Mrs. Florence Kincaid. Members who were interviewed during that era remembered Naismith: "He was deeply religious", "He listened more than he spoke", "He thought sports were nothing but an avenue to keep young people involved so they could do their studies and relate to their community", and "It was really nice having someone with the caliber of Dr. Naismith, he helped many a SigEp."

In 1935, the [[National Association of Basketball Coaches]] (founded by Naismith's pupil Phog Allen) collected money so the 74-year-old Naismith could witness the introduction of basketball into the official Olympic sports program of the [[1936 Summer Olympic Games]] in [[Berlin]].<ref name=hof/> There, Naismith handed out the medals to three North American teams: the [[United States]], for the gold medal, [[Canada]], for the silver medal, and [[Mexico]], for their bronze medal.<ref>
{{cite web
 |work=collegesportsscholarships.com
 |title=James Naismith, the inventor of basketball
 |url=http://www.collegesportsscholarships.com/basketball-inventor-james-naismith.htm
 |access-date=September 30, 2008 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017134337/http://www.collegesportsscholarships.com/basketball-inventor-james-naismith.htm
 |archive-date=October 17, 2008 }}</ref> During the Olympics, he was named the honorary president of the [[International Basketball Federation]].<ref name=museumtimeline/> When Naismith returned, he commented that seeing the game played by many nations was the greatest compensation he could have received for his invention.<ref name=kshs/> In 1937, Naismith played a role in the formation of the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball, which later became the [[National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics]] (NAIA).<ref name=naia>{{cite news
 | last = Kerkhoff
 | first = Blair
 | title = The NAIA basketball tournament? Throw 32 teams in the same building and see which is the last one standing at the end of a weeklong frenzy
 | url= http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1208/is_10_230/ai_n26787758m
 | access-date = September 30, 2008 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

Naismith became professor ''emeritus'' at Kansas when he retired in 1937 at the age of 76. In addition to his years as a coach, for a total of almost 40 years, Naismith worked at the school and during those years, he also served as its athletic director and was also a faculty member at the school. In 1939, Naismith suffered a fatal brain hemorrhage. He was interred at Memorial Park Cemetery in [[Lawrence, Kansas]]. His masterwork "Basketball&nbsp;— its Origins and Development" was published posthumously in 1941.<ref name=museumtimeline/> Also in 1941, the National Academy of Kinesiology (née American Academy of Physical Education) recognized Naismith (posthumously) for creating the game of basketball by granting him their "Creative Award".<ref name="The National Academy of Kinesiology">{{cite journal |last1=Cardinal |first1=Bradley J. |title=The National Academy of Kinesiology: Its founding, focus, and future |journal=Kinesiology Review |date=2022 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=6–25 |doi=10.1123/kr.2021-0064}}</ref>  

In Lawrence, Naismith has a road named in his honor, Naismith Drive, which runs in front of Allen Fieldhouse and James Naismith Court therein are named in his honor, despite Naismith's having the worst record in school history. Naismith Valley Park, located at the south end of Naismith Drive in Lawrence is also named in his honor. Naismith Hall, a dormitory, is located on the northeast corner of the intersection of 19th Street with Naismith Drive on the KU campus is also named for him.<ref name=googlemaps>{{cite web
 | work = Google Maps
 | title = Google Maps Route
 | url= https://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=Naismith+Drive+and+24th+St,+Lawrence,+Kansas&daddr=Naismith+Drive+and+W+University+Drive&hl=en&geocode=&mra=ls&sll=38.95045,-95.25601&sspn=0.027701,0.052013&ie=UTF8&ll=38.950799,-95.251207&spn=0.027701,0.052013&t=h&z=14| access-date = September 30, 2008 }}</ref>