Editing Jakarta (section)

===Precolonial era===
{{further|Sunda Kelapa}}
[[File:Replica of the Luso-Sundanese Padrão Monument.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Luso-Sundanese padrão|Luso-Sundanese ''padrão'']], a monument with a cross of the [[Military Order of Christ|Order of Christ]], commemorating a treaty between [[Portuguese Empire|Portugal]] and Hindu [[Sunda Kingdom|Sunda]] kingdoms]]
The north coast area of western Java including Jakarta was the location of prehistoric [[Buni culture]] that flourished from 400 BC to 100 AD.{{sfn|Zahorka|2007|p=?}} The area in and around modern Jakarta was part of the 4th-century [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] kingdom of [[Tarumanagara]], one of the oldest [[Hindu]] kingdoms in Indonesia.{{sfn|Ayatrohaédi|2005|p=?}} The area of [[North Jakarta]] around [[Kampung Tugu|Tugu]] became a populated settlement in the early 5th century. The [[Tugu inscription]] (probably written around 417 AD) discovered in Batutumbuh hamlet, Tugu village, [[Koja, Jakarta|Koja]], [[North Jakarta]], mentions that King [[Purnawarman]] of Tarumanagara undertook hydraulic projects; the irrigation and water drainage project of the Chandrabhaga river and the Gomati river near his capital.{{sfn|Hellman|Thynell|Voorst|2018|p=182}} Following the decline of [[Tarumanagara]], its territories, including the Jakarta area, became part of the Hindu [[Sunda Kingdom|Kingdom of Sunda]]. From the 7th to the early 13th century, the port of Sunda was under the [[Srivijaya]] maritime empire. According to the Chinese source, ''[[Zhu Fan Zhi|Chu-fan-chi]]'', written circa 1225, [[Zhao Rukuo|Chou Ju-kua]] reported in the early 13th century that Srivijaya still ruled Sumatra, the Malay peninsula, and western Java ([[Sunda Kingdom|Sunda]]).{{sfn|Bunge|Vreeland|1983|p=3}} The source says the port of Sunda was strategic and thriving, mentioning [[Black pepper|pepper]] from Sunda as among the best in quality. The people worked in agriculture, and their houses were built on wooden piles.{{sfn|Ayatrohaédi|2005|p=60}} The harbour area became known as [[Sunda Kelapa]] ([[Sundanese language|Sundanese]]: {{Sund|ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮊᮨᮜᮕ}}) and by the 14th century, it was an important trading port for the Sunda Kingdom.

The first European fleet, four Portuguese ships from [[Malacca]], arrived in 1513 while looking for a route to obtain spices.{{sfn|Heuken|1999|p=?}} The Sunda Kingdom [[Luso Sundanese padrão|made an alliance treaty]] with the Portuguese by allowing them to build a port in 1522 to defend against the rising power of the [[Demak Sultanate]] from central Java.<ref name="jakarta-news-2011" /> In 1527, [[Fatahillah]], a Pasai-born military commander of Demak attacked and conquered Sunda Kelapa, driving out the Portuguese. Sunda Kelapa was renamed Jayakarta,<ref name="jakarta-news-2011" /> and became a fiefdom of the [[Banten Sultanate]], which became a major Southeast Asian trading centre.

Through the relationship with Prince Jayawikarta of the Banten Sultanate, Dutch ships arrived in 1596. In 1602, an English [[East India Company]] (EIC) voyage led by Sir [[James Lancaster]] arrived in [[Aceh]] and sailed on to [[Banten]], where they were allowed to build a trading post. This site became the centre of English trade in the Indonesian archipelago until 1682.{{sfn|Ricklefs|1981|p=?}} Jayawikarta is thought to have made trading connections with the English merchants, who were rivals with the Dutch, by allowing them to build houses directly across from the Dutch buildings in 1615.{{sfn|Heuken|1999|p=?}}