Editing Isocrates (section)

===Pedagogy===
Around 392 BC Isocrates set up his own school of rhetoric at the [[Lyceum]]. Prior to Isocrates, teaching consisted of first-generation Sophists, such as Gorgias and [[Protagoras]], walking from town to town as itinerants, who taught any individuals interested in political occupations how to be effective in public speaking.<ref name="Mitchell">{{Cite web |last=Mitchell |first=Gordon |title=Isocrates |url=https://www.coursesites.com/webapps/Bb-sites-course-creation-BBLEARN/courseHomepage.htmlx?course_id=_278442_1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918063412/https://www.coursesites.com/webapps/Bb-sites-course-creation-BBLEARN/courseHomepage.htmlx?course_id=_278442_1 |archive-date=18 September 2014 |access-date=1 October 2013}}</ref> Isocrates encouraged his students to wander and observe public behavior in the city (Athens) to learn through imitation. His students aimed to learn how to serve the city.<ref name="Mitchell" /> "At the core of his teaching was an [[Aristocracy|aristocratic]] notion of [[arete]] ("virtue, excellence"), which could be attained by pursuing [[Philosophy|philosophia]] – not so much the dialectical study of abstract subjects like [[epistemology]] and [[metaphysics]] that Plato marked as "philosophy" as the study and practical application of ethics, politics and [[public speaking]]".<ref name= Papillon2004 /> The philosopher [[Plato]] (a rival of Isocrates) founded his own academy in response to Isocrates' foundation.<ref name="Mitchell" />

Isocrates accepted no more than nine pupils at a time. Many of them went on to be prominent philosophers, legislators, historians, orators, writers, and military and political leaders.<ref name= Papillon2004 /><ref name="autogenerated1990">Matsen, Patricia, Philip Rollinson, and Marion Sousa. ''Readings from Classical Rhetoric''. Southern Illinois: 1990.</ref> The first students in Isocrates' school were Athenians. However, after he published the ''Panegyricus'' in 380 BC, his reputation spread to many other parts of [[Greece]].<ref name="Norlin 1928 ix-xlvii" />  Some of his students included [[Isaeus]], [[Lycurgus of Athens|Lycurgus]], [[Hypereides]], [[Ephorus]], [[Theopompus]], [[Speusippus]], and [[Timotheus (general)|Timotheus]]. Many of these students remained under the instruction of Isocrates for three to four years. Timotheus had such a great appreciation for Isocrates that he erected a statue at [[Eleusis]] and dedicated it to him.<ref name="Norlin 1928 ix-xlvii" />