Editing Internet backbone (section)

==Modern backbone==
{{Globalize|section|date=September 2011}}
Because of the overlap and synergy between long-distance telephone networks and backbone networks, the largest long-distance voice carriers such as [[AT&T|AT&T Inc.]], [[Verizon Communications|Verizon]], [[Sprint Corporation|Sprint]], and [[Lumen Technologies|Lumen]] also own some of the largest Internet backbone networks. These backbone providers sell their services to Internet service providers.<ref name=crossroads />

Each ISP has its own contingency network and is equipped with an outsourced backup. These networks are intertwined and crisscrossed to create a redundant network. Many companies operate their own backbones which are all interconnected at various [[Internet exchange point]]s around the world.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tyson|first=J.|title=How Internet Infrastructure Works|date=3 April 2001 |url=http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/internet-infrastructure4.htm|access-date=9 February 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614002356/http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/internet-infrastructure4.htm|archive-date=14 June 2011}}</ref> In order for data to navigate this web, it is necessary to have backbone routers—[[Router (computing)|routers]] powerful enough to handle information—on the Internet backbone that are capable of directing data to other routers in order to send it to its final destination. Without them, information would be lost.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Badasyan|first=N.|author2=Chakrabarti, S.|title=Private peering, transit and traffic diversion|journal=Netnomics: Economic Research and Electronic Networking|year=2005|volume=7|issue=2|pages=115|doi=10.1007/s11066-006-9007-x|s2cid=154591220}}</ref>