Editing International standard (section)

===Standardization===
[[File:JFIScrewThread300.png|thumb|right|Graphic representation of formulae for the pitches of threads of screw bolts]]
The [[Standardization|implementation of standards]] in industry and commerce became highly important with the onset of the [[Industrial Revolution]] and the need for high-precision [[machine tool]]s and [[interchangeable parts]]. [[Henry Maudslay]] developed the first industrially practical [[screw-cutting lathe]] in 1800, which allowed for the standardisation of [[screw thread]] sizes for the first time.<ref name="Ping">{{citation|url=http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/econwp117.pdf|title=A Brief History of Standards and Standardization Organizations: A Chinese Perspective|author=Wang Ping|publisher=EAST-WEST CENTER WORKING PAPERS|date=April 2011|access-date=2014-01-13|archive-date=2019-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612142253/https://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/econwp117.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Maudslay's work, as well as the contributions of other engineers, accomplished a modest amount of industry [[standardization]]; some companies' in-house standards spread a bit within their industries. [[Joseph Whitworth]]'s screw thread measurements were adopted as the first (unofficial) national standard by companies around the country in <time>1841</time>. It came to be known as the [[British Standard Whitworth]], and was widely adopted in other countries.<ref>Gilbert, K. R., & Galloway, D. F., 1978, "Machine Tools". In C. Singer, et al., (Eds.), ''A history of technology''. Oxford, Clarendon Press & Lee, S. (Ed.), 1900, ''Dictionary of national biography'', Vol LXI. Smith Elder, London</ref>

By <time>the end of the 19th century</time> differences in standards between companies were making trade increasingly difficult and strained. The [[BSI Group|Engineering Standards Committee]] was established in [[London]] in <time>1901</time> as the world's first national standards body.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bsigroup.com/upload/Corporate%20Marketing/Financial%20Performance/BSI_Group_Annual_Report_and_Financial_Statements_2010.pdf |title=BSI Group Annual Report and Financial Statements 2010, page 2|access-date=2012-04-03}}</ref><ref name="Robert C McWilliam 2001">Robert C McWilliam. BSI: The first hundred years. 2001. Thanet Press. London</ref> After the [[First World War]], similar national bodies were established in other countries. The <span lang="de">[[Deutsches Institut für Normung]]</span> was set up in [[Germany]] in <time>1917</time>, followed by its counterparts, the American [[American National Standards Institute|National Standard Institute]] and the French [[AFNOR|<span lang="fr">Commission Permanente de Standardisation</span>]], both in <time>1918</time>.<ref name="Ping"/>

There are not many books that cover standards in general, but a book written in <time>2019</time> by Nicholas Rich and [[Tegwen Malik]] gives a very comprehensive overview of the history of standards, how ISO standards are drafted along with key ISO standards such as ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Page|first=Kogan|title=International Standards for Design and Manufacturing|url=https://www.koganpage.com/product/international-standards-for-design-and-manufacturing-9781789660425|access-date=2021-08-22|website=Kogan Page}}</ref> A paper has been published explaining the differences between international standards and [[technical standard|private standards]].<ref>{{cite book |title=International standards and private standards |date=2010 |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |isbn=978-92-67-10518-5 |url=https://docplayer.net/23885374-International-standards-and-private-standards.html |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref>