Editing International relations (section)

===Emergence as academic discipline===
International relations as a distinct field of study began in [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. IR emerged as a formal [[academic discipline]] in 1919 with the founding of the first IR professorship: the Woodrow Wilson Chair at [[Aberystwyth]], [[University of Wales]] (now [[Aberystwyth University]]),<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Aberystwyth University – Department of International Politics|url=http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/interpol/|website=www.aber.ac.uk}}</ref> held by [[Alfred Eckhard Zimmern]]<ref name="AAA">{{Cite journal|last=Abadía|first=Adolfo A.|date=2015|title=Del liberalismo al neo-realismo. Un debate en torno al realismo clásico|trans-title=From Liberalism to Neorealism. A Discussion Around Classical Realism|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278025848|journal=Telos. Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales|language=es|volume=17|issue=3|pages=438–459|doi=10.36390/telos173.05 |issn=1317-0570|ssrn=2810410|s2cid=147564996 |doi-access=free}}</ref> and endowed by [[David Davies, 1st Baron Davies|David Davies]]. International politics courses were established at the University of Wisconsin in 1899 by [[Paul Samuel Reinsch]] and at Columbia University in 1910.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Potter|first=Pitman B.|date=1923|title=Political Science in the International Field|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400107531/type/journal_article|journal=American Political Science Review|language=en|volume=17|issue=3|pages=381–391|doi=10.2307/1944041|jstor=1944041|s2cid=153640855 |issn=0003-0554}}</ref> By 1920, there were four universities that taught courses on [[international organization]].<ref name=":3"/>

[[Georgetown University]]'s [[Walsh School of Foreign Service]] is the oldest continuously operating school for international affairs in the United States, founded in 1919.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Oren|first=Ido|date=2020-12-14|title=Schools of international affairs in the United States: a historical sketch|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2020.1855630|journal=Cambridge Review of International Affairs|volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=328–351|doi=10.1080/09557571.2020.1855630|issn=0955-7571|s2cid=230562181}}</ref> In 1927, the [[London School of Economics]]' department of international relations was founded at the behest of [[Nobel Peace Prize]] winner [[Philip Noel-Baker]]: this was the first institute to offer a wide range of degrees in the field. That same year, the [[Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies]], a school dedicated to teaching international affairs, was founded in [[Geneva]], Switzerland. This was rapidly followed by establishment of IR at universities in the US. The creation of the posts of [[Montague Burton Professor of International Relations]] at LSE and at Oxford gave further impetus to the academic study of international relations. Furthermore, the International History department at LSE developed a focus on the history of IR in the [[Early modern period|early modern]], [[History of colonialism|colonial]], and [[Cold War]] periods.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a0uVHo4ZLc4C&pg=PA5|title=Handbook of International Relations|publisher=SAGE Publications|year=2012|isbn=9781446265031|editor-last=Carlsnaes|editor-first=Walter|pages=1–28|access-date=2016-02-24|display-editors=etal}}</ref>

The first university entirely dedicated to the study of IR was the [[Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies]], which was founded in 1927 to form diplomats associated to the [[League of Nations]]. In 1922, [[Georgetown University]] graduated its first class of the [[Master of Science in Foreign Service]] (MSFS) degree, making it the first international relations graduate program in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Master of Science in Foreign Service / Master of Public Policy (MSFS/MPP) |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/georgetown-university/postgrad/master-science-foreign-service-master-public-policy-msfs-mpp |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=Quacquarelli Symonds}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=First master's degrees are granted. |url=https://sfs.georgetown.edu/timeline/first-masters-degrees-are-granted/ |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=SFS - School of Foreign Service - Georgetown University |language=en-US}}</ref> This was soon followed by the establishment of the [[Committee on International Relations (University of Chicago)|Committee on International Relations]] (CIR) at the [[University of Chicago]], where the first research [[Postgraduate education|graduate degree]] was conferred in 1928.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Committee on International Relations |url=https://cir.uchicago.edu/content/about |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=The University of Chicago}}</ref> The [[Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy]], a collaboration between [[Tufts University]] and [[Harvard University]], opened its doors in 1933 as the first [[Postgraduate education|graduate-only school]] of international affairs in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|title=A History of Excellence|url=http://fletcher.tufts.edu/About/Fletcher-History|website=The Fletcher School|publisher=Tufts|access-date=2018-01-31|archive-date=2018-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119045846/http://fletcher.tufts.edu/About/Fletcher-History|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1965, [[Glendon College]] and the [[Norman Paterson School of International Affairs]] were the first institutions in Canada to offer an undergraduate and a graduate program in international studies and affairs, respectively.

The lines between IR and other political science subfields is sometimes blurred, in particular when it comes to the study of [[Conflict (process)|conflict]], [[Institution|institutions]], [[political economy]] and [[Theories of political behavior|political behavior]].<ref name=":2" /> The division between [[comparative politics]] and international relations is artificial, as processes within nations shape international processes, and international processes shape processes within states.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kopstein|first1=Jeffrey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NDP8RVXvlUMC|title=Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order|last2=Lichbach|first2=Mark|date=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-44604-4|pages=3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hurrell |first1=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Hurrell |last2=Menon |first2=Anand |date=1996 |title=Politics like any other? Comparative politics, international relations and the study of the EU |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/01402389608425139 |journal=West European Politics |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=386–402 |doi=10.1080/01402389608425139 |issn=0140-2382}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pollack|first=Mark A.|date=2005|title=Theorizing the European Union: International Organization, Domestic Polity, or Experiment in New Governance?|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|language=en|volume=8|issue=1|pages=357–398|doi=10.1146/annurev.polisci.8.082103.104858|issn=1094-2939|doi-access=free}}</ref> Some scholars have called for an integration of the fields.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Milner|first=Helen V.|date=1998|title=Rationalizing Politics: The Emerging Synthesis of International, American, and Comparative Politics|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-organization/article/abs/rationalizing-politics-the-emerging-synthesis-of-international-american-and-comparative-politics/38BE8BA519640613B88B261C90E857E1|journal=International Organization|language=en|volume=52|issue=4|pages=759–786|doi=10.1162/002081898550743|s2cid=145584969 |issn=1531-5088}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last1=Nadkarni |first1=Vidya |last2=Williams |first2=J. Michael |date=2010 |title=International Relations and Comparative Politics |url=https://oxfordre.com/internationalstudies/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.001.0001/acrefore-9780190846626-e-408|encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.408 |isbn=978-0-19-084662-6}}</ref> Comparative politics does not have similar "[[-ism|isms]]" as international relations scholarship.<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|last1=Finnemore|first1=Martha|last2=Sikkink|first2=Kathryn|date=2001|title=Taking Stock: The Constructivist Research Program in International Relations and Comparative Politics|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|volume=4|issue=1|pages=391–416|doi=10.1146/annurev.polisci.4.1.391 |s2cid=3640392|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Critical scholarship in international relations has explored the relationship between the [[Institutionalisation|institutionalization]] of IR as an academic discipline and the demands of national governments. {{Ill|Robert Vitalis|ar|بوب_ڤيتاليس}}'s book ''White World Order, Black Power Politics'' details the historical imbrication of IR in the projects of colonial administration and imperialism,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vitalis |first=Robert |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/927444487 |title=White World Order, Black Power Politics: The Birth of American International Relations |publisher=Cornell University Press |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-5017-0188-7 |location=Ithaca |oclc=927444487}}</ref> while other scholars have traced the emergence of international relations in relation to the consolidation of newly independent nation-states within the [[Non-Western|non-West]], such as Brazil and India.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alejandro |first=Audrey |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1145913401 |title=Western Dominance in International Relations?: The Internationalisation of IR in Brazil and India |date=2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-367-54010-4 |pages=59–65 |oclc=1145913401}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bilgin |first=Pinar |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/953735190 |publisher=Routledge |title=The international in security, security in the international |date=2016 |isbn=978-1-317-40730-0 |location=New York, NY |oclc=953735190}}</ref>