Editing Indian Ocean (section)

===Extent and data===
The [[Borders of the oceans#Indian Ocean|borders of the Indian Ocean]], as delineated by the [[International Hydrographic Organization]] in 1953, included the [[Southern Ocean]] but not the marginal seas along the northern rim.<ref>{{Harvnb|IHO 1953}}</ref> In 2002 the IHO delimited the Southern Ocean separately, which removed waters south of 60°S from the Indian Ocean but included the northern marginal seas.<ref name="IHO-2002">{{Harvnb|IHO 2002}}</ref> [[Meridional]]ly, the Indian Ocean is delimited from the Atlantic Ocean by the [[20th meridian east|20° east meridian]], running south from [[Cape Agulhas]], South Africa, and from the Pacific Ocean by the meridian of 146°49'E, running south from [[South East Cape]] on the island of [[Tasmania]] in Australia. The northernmost extent of the Indian Ocean (including marginal seas) is approximately [[30th parallel north|30°N]] in the [[Persian Gulf]].<ref name="IHO-2002" /><!-- Fig. 1, p. 5-2 -->

The Indian Ocean covers {{Convert|70560000|km2|abbr=on}}, including the [[Red Sea]] and the Persian Gulf but excluding the Southern Ocean, or 19.5% of the world's oceans. Its volume is {{Convert|264000000|km3|abbr=on}} or 19.8% of the world's oceans' volume; it has an average depth of {{Convert|3741|m|abbr=on}} and a maximum depth of {{Convert|7290|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="NOAA-volume" />

All of the Indian Ocean is in the [[Eastern Hemisphere]]. The centre of the Eastern Hemisphere, the [[90th meridian east]], passes through the [[Ninety East Ridge]].

Within these waters are a number of islands. These include those controlled by surrounding countries, and independent island states and territories. Of the non-coastal islands, there are two broad clusters: one around Madagascar, and one south of India. A few other oceanic islands are scattered elsewhere.<ref name="Bergin2019">{{cite journal|author1=Anthony Bergin|author2=David Brewster|author3=Aakriti Bachhawat|title=Ocean Horizons: Strengthening Maritime Security in Indo-Pacific Island States|journal=Indian Ocean Island States|date=1 December 2019|pages=29–39|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep23122.6}}</ref>{{rp|29–30}}