Editing Indian National Army (section)

===Subhas Chandra Bose===
Subhas Chandra Bose was the ideal person to lead a rebel army into India came from the very beginning of F Kikan's work with captured Indian soldiers. Mohan Singh himself, soon after his first meeting with Fujiwara, had suggested that Bose was the right leader of a nationalist Indian army.<ref name=Toye2007p2>{{Harvnb|Toye|2007|p=2}}</ref> A number of the officers and troops&nbsp;– including some who now returned to prisoner-of-war camps and some who had not volunteered in the first place&nbsp;– made it known that they would be willing to join the INA only if it was led by Subhas Bose.<ref name="Lebra197727">{{Harvnb|Lebra|1977|p=27}}</ref> Bose was a nationalist. He had joined the Gandhian movement after resigning from a prestigious post in the [[Indian Civil Service]] in 1922, quickly rising in the Congress and being incarcerated repeatedly by the Raj.<ref name=Toye1959p80>{{Harvnb|Toye|1959|p=80}}</ref> By late 1920s he and [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] were considered the future leaders of the Congress.<ref name=Toye2007prebelleader>{{Harvnb|Toye|2007|loc=The Rebel President}}</ref> In the late 1920s, he was amongst the first Congress leaders to call for complete independence from Britain (''Purna Swaraj''), rather than the previous Congress objective of India becoming a [[British dominion]].<ref name=Toye2007prebelleader/> In Bengal, he was repeatedly accused by Raj officials of working with the [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|revolutionary movement]]. Under his leadership, the Congress youth group in Bengal was organised into a quasi-military organisation called the [[Bengal Volunteers]].<ref name=Sengupta23and24>{{Harvnb|Sengupta|2012|pp=23–24}}</ref> Bose deplored [[Gandhi]]'s pacifism; Gandhi disagreed with Bose's confrontations with the Raj.<ref name=Toye2007prebelleader/> The Congress's working committee, including Nehru, was predominantly loyal to Gandhi.<ref name=Toye2007prebelleader/> While openly disagreeing with Gandhi, Bose won the presidency of Indian National Congress twice in the 1930s. His second victory came despite opposition from Gandhi. He defeated Gandhi's favoured candidate, [[Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya]], in the popular vote, but the entire working committee resigned and refused to work with Bose.<ref name="Toye1959p100">{{Harvnb|Toye|1959|p=88}}</ref> Bose resigned from the Congress presidency and founded his own faction within the Congress, the [[All India Forward Bloc]].<ref name=Fayp197>{{Harvnb|Fay|1993|p=197}}</ref>

[[File:Subhas Chandra Bose meeting Adolf Hitler.jpg|thumb|Bose meeting with [[Adolf Hitler]] in East Prussia, May 1942|295x295px]]

At the start of World War II, Bose was placed under house arrest by the Raj.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv7n1/Bose.htm | title=Subhas Chandra Bose in Nazi Germany | publisher=South Asia Forum Quarterly | work=Sisir K. Majumdar | year=1997 | access-date=2011-08-12 | pages=10–14}}</ref> He escaped in disguise and made his way through Afghanistan and Central -Asia. He came first to the Soviet Union and then to Germany, reaching Berlin on 2 April 1941.<ref name="Lebra2008p219">{{Harvnb|Lebra|2008|p=107}}</ref><ref name="Toye1959p100"/> There he sought to raise an army of Indian soldiers from prisoners of war captured by Germany,<ref name=Syonan>{{Harvnb|Tojo|1943|p=}}</ref> forming the [[Free India Legion]] and the [[Azad Hind Radio|''Azad Hind'' Radio]].<ref name=Toye1959p117to119>{{Harvnb|Toye|1959|pp=117–119}}</ref> The Japanese ambassador, [[Oshima Hiroshi]], kept Tokyo informed of these developments.<ref name=Lebra2008p231>{{Harvnb|Lebra|2008|p=231}}</ref> From the very start of the war, the Japanese intelligence services noted from speaking to captured Indian soldiers that Bose was held in extremely high regard as a nationalist and was considered by Indian soldiers to be the right person to be leading a rebel army.<ref name=Toye2007p2/>

In a series of meetings between the INA leaders and the Japanese in 1943, it was decided to cede the leadership of the IIL and the INA to Bose. In January 1943, the Japanese invited Bose to lead the Indian nationalist movement in East Asia.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.s1942.org.sg/s1942/indian_national_army/subhas.htm | title=Total Mobilisation | publisher=National Archives of Singapore | access-date=2011-08-12 | archive-date=29 August 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829100457/http://www.s1942.org.sg/s1942/indian_national_army/subhas.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> He accepted and left Germany on 8 February. After a three-month journey by submarine and a short stop in Singapore, he reached Tokyo on 11 May 1943. In Tokyo, he met [[Hideki Tojo]], the Japanese prime minister, and the Japanese High Command. He then arrived in Singapore in July 1943, where he made a number of radio broadcasts to Indians in Southeast Asia exhorting them to join in the fight for India's independence.<ref name=Fayp223>{{Harvnb|Fay|1993|p=223}}</ref>