Editing Immune response (section)

== Types of immune response ==
[[File:Macrophages and helper T-cells.jpg|thumb|]]

Depending on exogenous demands, several types of immune response (IR) are distinguished. In this paradigm, immune system (both innate and adaptive) and non-immune system cellular and molecular components are organized to optimally respond to distinct exposome challenges.

Currently, several types of IR are classified.<ref name="Annunziato_2015">{{cite journal|vauthors=Annunziato F, Romagnani C, Romagnani S|date=December 2014|title=Adaptive immunity|journal=The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=135|issue=3|pages=626–635|doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.001|pmid=25528359|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Murphy_2016">{{cite book|title=Janeway's Immunobiology|vauthors=Murphy K, Weaver C|publisher=Garland Science|year=2016|isbn=978-0815345848|edition=9th|page=451}}</ref>

'''Type [[Cell-mediated immunity#Type 1 immunity|1]]''' IR is elicited by viruses, intracellular bacteria, parasites. The actors here are group 1 [[innate lymphoid cell]]s (ILC1), NK cells, Th1 cells, macrophages, opsonizing IgG isotypes.

'''Type 2''' IR is caused by [[toxin]]s and multicellular parasites. ILC2, [[Epithelium|epithelial cells]], Th2 lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, IgE are key players here.

'''Type 3''' IR targets extracellular bacteria and fungi by recruiting ILC3, Th17, neutrophils, opsonizing IgG isotypes.

Additional types of IR can be observed in noninfectious pathologies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Eyerich |first1=K. |last2=Eyerich |first2=S. |title=Immune response patterns in non-communicable inflammatory skin diseases |journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology |date=May 2018 |volume=32 |issue=5 |pages=692–703 |doi=10.1111/jdv.14673 |pmid=29114938 |pmc=5947562 }}</ref>

All types of IR have ''sensor'' (ILCs, NK cells), ''adaptive'' (T and B cells), and ''effector'' ([[neutrophil]]s, [[eosinophil]]s, [[basophil]]s, [[mast cell]]s) parts.<ref name="Murphy_2016"/>