Editing Image compression (section)

== History ==
[[Entropy coding]] started in the late 1940s with the introduction of [[Shannon–Fano coding]],<ref name="Shannon">{{cite journal|author1=Claude Elwood Shannon|editor-surname1= Alcatel-Lucent|journal=Bell System Technical Journal|title=A Mathematical Theory of Communication |volume=27 |issue=3–4 |date=1948 |pages=379–423, 623–656 |doi= 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x|hdl= 11858/00-001M-0000-002C-4314-2|url=http://www.math.harvard.edu/~ctm/home/text/others/shannon/entropy/entropy.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524064232/http://math.harvard.edu/~ctm/home/text/others/shannon/entropy/entropy.pdf |archive-date=2011-05-24 |url-status=live |access-date=2019-04-21 |author1-link= Claude Elwood Shannon|hdl-access=free }}</ref> the basis for [[Huffman coding]] which was published in 1952.<ref name="Huffman">{{citation |surname1=[[David Albert Huffman]] |periodical=[[Proceedings of the IRE]] |title=A method for the construction of minimum-redundancy codes |volume=40 |issue=9 |pages=1098–1101 |date=September 1952 |doi=10.1109/JRPROC.1952.273898 |url=http://compression.ru/download/articles/huff/huffman_1952_minimum-redundancy-codes.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051008115257/http://compression.ru/download/articles/huff/huffman_1952_minimum-redundancy-codes.pdf |archive-date=2005-10-08 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Transform coding]] dates back to the late 1960s, with the introduction of [[fast Fourier transform]] (FFT) coding in 1968 and the [[Hadamard transform]] in 1969.<ref name="Hadamard">{{cite journal|doi=10.1109/PROC.1969.6869 |title=Hadamard transform image coding |date=1969 |last1=Pratt |first1=W.K. |last2=Kane |first2=J. |last3=Andrews |first3=H.C. |journal=Proceedings of the IEEE |volume=57 |pages=58–68 }}</ref>

An important development in image [[data compression]] was the [[discrete cosine transform]] (DCT), a [[lossy compression]] technique first proposed by [[N. Ahmed|Nasir Ahmed]], T. Natarajan and [[K. R. Rao]] in 1973.<ref name="Ahmed">{{cite journal |last=Ahmed |first=Nasir |author-link=N. Ahmed |title=How I Came Up With the Discrete Cosine Transform |journal=[[Digital Signal Processing (journal)|Digital Signal Processing]] |date=January 1991 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=4–5 |doi=10.1016/1051-2004(91)90086-Z |bibcode=1991DSP.....1....4A |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/52879771/DCT-History-How-I-Came-Up-with-the-Discrete-Cosine-Transform}}</ref> [[JPEG]] was introduced by the [[Joint Photographic Experts Group]] (JPEG) in 1992.<ref name="t81">{{cite web |title=T.81 – DIGITAL COMPRESSION AND CODING OF CONTINUOUS-TONE STILL IMAGES – REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES |url=https://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG/itu-t81.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000818020219/http://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG/itu-t81.pdf |archive-date=2000-08-18 |url-status=live |publisher=[[CCITT]] |date=September 1992 |access-date=12 July 2019}}</ref> JPEG compresses images down to much smaller file sizes, and has become the most widely used [[image file format]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The JPEG image format explained |url=https://home.bt.com/tech-gadgets/photography/what-is-a-jpeg-11364206889349 |website=[[BT.com]] |publisher=[[BT Group]] |access-date=5 August 2019 |date=31 May 2018}}</ref> JPEG was largely responsible for the wide proliferation of [[digital images]] and [[digital photo]]s,<ref name="Atlantic">{{cite web |title=What Is a JPEG? The Invisible Object You See Every Day |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/09/what-is-a-jpeg-the-invisible-object-you-see-every-day/279954/ |access-date=13 September 2019 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |date=24 September 2013}}</ref> with several billion JPEG images produced every day as of 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baraniuk |first1=Chris |title=Copy protections could come to JPEGs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-34538705 |access-date=13 September 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |agency=[[BBC]] |date=15 October 2015}}</ref>

[[Lempel–Ziv–Welch]] (LZW) is a [[lossless compression]] algorithm developed by [[Abraham Lempel]], [[Jacob Ziv]] and [[Terry Welch]] in 1984. It is used in the [[GIF]] format, introduced in 1987.<ref name="cloanto">{{cite web |url=https://mike.pub/19950127-gif-lzw|title=The GIF Controversy: A Software Developer's Perspective |date=27 January 1995 |access-date=26 May 2015}}</ref> [[DEFLATE]], a lossless compression algorithm developed by [[Phil Katz]] and specified in 1996, is used in the [[Portable Network Graphics]] (PNG) format.<ref name="IETF">{{cite IETF |title=DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification version 1.3 |rfc=1951 |section=Abstract |page=1 |author=L. Peter Deutsch |author-link=L. Peter Deutsch |date=May 1996 |publisher=[[Internet Engineering Task Force|IETF]] |access-date=2014-04-23}}</ref>

The [[JPEG 2000]] standard was developed from 1997 to 2000 by a JPEG committee chaired by Touradj Ebrahimi (later the JPEG president).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Taubman |first1=David |last2=Marcellin |first2=Michael |title=JPEG2000 Image Compression Fundamentals, Standards and Practice: Image Compression Fundamentals, Standards and Practice |date=2012 |publisher=[[Springer Science & Business Media]] |isbn=9781461507994 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y7HeBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA402}}</ref> In contrast to the DCT algorithm used by the original JPEG format, JPEG 2000 instead uses [[discrete wavelet transform]] (DWT) algorithms. It uses the [[Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau wavelet|CDF]] 9/7 wavelet transform (developed by [[Ingrid Daubechies]] in 1992) for its lossy compression algorithm,<ref name="Unser">{{cite journal |last1=Unser |first1=M. |last2=Blu |first2=T. |title=Mathematical properties of the JPEG2000 wavelet filters |journal=IEEE Transactions on Image Processing |date=2003 |volume=12 |issue=9 |pages=1080–1090 |doi=10.1109/TIP.2003.812329 |pmid=18237979 |bibcode=2003ITIP...12.1080U |s2cid=2765169 |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6ed4/dece8b364416d9c390ba53df913bca7fb9a6.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013222932/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6ed4/dece8b364416d9c390ba53df913bca7fb9a6.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2019-10-13 }}</ref> and the Le Gall–Tabatabai (LGT) 5/3 wavelet transform<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sullivan |first1=Gary |title=General characteristics and design considerations for temporal subband video coding |publisher=[[Video Coding Experts Group]] |website=[[ITU-T]] |date=8–12 December 2003 |url=https://www.itu.int/wftp3/av-arch/video-site/0312_Wai/VCEG-U06.doc |access-date=13 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Bovik |first1=Alan C. |title=The Essential Guide to Video Processing |date=2009 |publisher=[[Academic Press]] |isbn=9780080922508 |page=355 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXmSPPB_c_0C&pg=PA355}}</ref> (developed by Didier Le Gall and Ali J. Tabatabai in 1988)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Le Gall |first1=Didier |last2=Tabatabai |first2=Ali J. |title=ICASSP-88., International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing |chapter=Sub-band coding of digital images using symmetric short kernel filters and arithmetic coding techniques |date=1988 |pages=761–764 vol.2 |doi=10.1109/ICASSP.1988.196696 |s2cid=109186495}}</ref> for its lossless compression algorithm.<ref name="Unser"/> [[JPEG 2000]] technology, which includes the [[Motion JPEG 2000]] extension, was selected as the [[video coding standard]] for [[digital cinema]] in 2004.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Swartz |first1=Charles S. |title=Understanding Digital Cinema: A Professional Handbook |date=2005 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |isbn=9780240806174 |page=147 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tYw3ehoBnjkC&pg=PA147}}</ref>

The evolution of image compression technologies has led to continuous improvements in both efficiency and quality. From the early developments in entropy coding and transform coding to the introduction of JPEG and JPEG 2000, these innovations have significantly impacted the way digital images are stored, transmitted, and processed. Modern compression methods allow users to optimize image files for faster loading times and better storage utilization, while maintaining high image quality. As compression technologies advance, these methods continue to play a crucial role in various fields, including web development, digital media, and content management.