Editing Il Canto degli Italiani (section)

===Debut===
[[File:Inno museo di genova.jpg|thumb|The first printed copy of the hymn, by the Delle Piane printers of Genoa, on looseleaf, was distributed on 10 December 1847 to demonstrators in Oregina. Mameli then added in pen the fifth strophe of the hymn, censored by the Savoy government as too anti-Austrian.]] [[File:Genova Oregina Santuario.jpg|thumb|left|The ''Santuario della Nostra Signora di Loreto'', before which the "Il Canto degli Italiani" made its public debut]]

On 10 December 1847,<ref name="marconi2" /> a demonstration before the {{lang|it|{{ill|Santuario della Nostra Signora di Loreto|it|Santuario di Nostra Signora di Loreto (Genova)}}}} in {{ill|Oregina|it}}, Genoa, was officially dedicated to the 101st anniversary of the Portoria quarter's popular rebellion during the [[War of the Austrian Succession]], which had expulsed the [[Austrians]] from the city. In fact, it was an excuse to protest against foreign occupations in Italy and induce [[Charles Albert of Sardinia]] to embrace the Italian cause of liberty and of unity.

On this occasion, the [[flag of Italy]] was shown and Filarmonica Sestrese, the municipal band of [[Sestri Ponente]], played Mameli's anthem for 30,000 patriots who had come to Genoa from all over Italy for the event.{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|p=18}} This event is generally believed to be the song's first public performance, but there may have been a previous public rendition on 9 November 1847 in Genoa, of which the original documentation was lost.{{sfn|Calabrese|2011|p=120}}

That performance would have been by the Filarmonica [[Voltri|Voltrese]]{{sfn|Calabrese|2011|p=120}} founded by Goffredo's brother {{ill|Nicola Mameli|it}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pjmagazine.net/mameli-accadde-oggi-10-dicembre/|title=Accadde Oggi: 10 dicembre|access-date=30 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511132851/http://www.pjmagazine.net/mameli-accadde-oggi-10-dicembre/|archive-date=11 May 2016|language=it}}</ref> and used a first draft of "Il Canto degli Italiani" that differs from the final version (see above).{{sfn|Calabrese|2011|p=120}} As its author was infamously [[Giuseppe Mazzini|Mazzinian]], the piece was forbidden by the [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Piedmontese police]] until March 1848: its execution was also forbidden by the Austrian police, which also pursued its singing interpretation&nbsp;— considered a [[political crime]]&nbsp;— until their empire's [[Dissolution of Austria-Hungary|dissolution]].{{sfn|Caddeo|1915|pp=37–38}} On 18 December 1847, the Pisan newspaper ''L'Italia'' wrote how the song evoked public spirits:{{sfn|Ridolfi|2002|p=235}} {{blockquote|... For many evenings numerous youths have come together in the ''Accademia filodrammatici'' to sing a hymn of Mameli, set to music by the maestro Novaro. Poetry ... is full of fire, music fully corresponds to it ... | author=|source=Newspaper ''L'Italia'', 18 December 1847}}

Two of Mameli's [[autograph]]ed manuscripts have survived to the 21st century: the first draft, with Mameli's hand annotations, at the {{ill|Mazzinian Institute|lt=Mazzinian Institute of Genoa|it|Museo del Risorgimento e istituto mazziniano}},{{sfn|Bassi|2011|p=50}} and the letter, from Mameli on 10 November 1847 to Novaro, at the [[Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)|Museo del Risorgimento in Turin]].{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|p=17}}

Novaro's autographed manuscript to the publisher {{ill|Francesco Lucca|it}} is located in the Ricordi Historical Archive.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2014/10/12/la-decisione-di-de-gasperi-fratelli-ditalia-e-inno-nazionaleRoma17.html|title=La decisione di De Gasperi "Fratelli d'Italia è inno nazionale"|date=12 October 2014 |language=it|access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref> The later Istituto Mazziniano sheet lacks the final strophe ("Son giunchi che piegano...") for fear of censorship. These leaflets were to be distributed at the 10 December demonstration in [[Genoa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.labandadeisei.it/costituzioneitaliana/innodimameli.htm |title=Inno di Mameli – Il canto degli Italiani: testo, analisi e storia |publisher=labandadeisei.it|access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref> The hymn was also printed on leaflets in Genoa, by the printer [[Casamara]].