Editing Icarus (section)

== Medieval, Renaissance, and modern literature ==
Ovid's version of the Icarus myth and its connection to [[Phaethon]] influenced the mythological tradition in [[English literature]]<ref>Peter Knox, ''A Companion to Ovid'' (Blackwell, 2009), p. 424 [https://books.google.com/books?id=zMMeWI2xbPkC&dq=%22The+figure+of+Ovid+is+never+far+from+the+scenes%22&pg=PA424 online].</ref> reflected in the writings of [[Chaucer]],<ref>Jane Chance, ''The Mythographic Chaucer'' (University of Michigan Press, 1995), p. 65 [https://books.google.com/books?id=OGJcl_YyVPsC&dq=ovid+icarus+phaethon+OR+phaeton&pg=PA65 online].</ref> [[Christopher Marlowe|Marlowe]],<ref>Troni Y. Grande, ''Marlovian Tragedy'' (Associated University Presses, 1990), pp. 14 [https://books.google.com/books?id=FINn3Y3IgW0C&dq=%22Icarus+and+Phaeton+as+types+of+the+Marlovian+%22over-reacher%22%22&pg=PA14 online], 40–42 ''et passim''; Frederic B. Tromly, ''Playing with Desire: Christopher Tantalization'' (University of Toronto Press, 1998), p. 181.</ref> [[Shakespeare]],<ref>Coppélia Kahn, ''Man's estate: Masculine Identity in Shakespeare'' (University of California Press, 1981), p. 53 [https://books.google.com/books?id=JzEnuYAt5rUC&dq=ovid+shakespeare+icarus+phaethon+OR+phaeton&pg=PA53 online].</ref> [[John Milton|Milton]],<ref>Su Fang Nu, ''Literature and the Politics of Family in Seventeenth-Century England'' (Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 154 [https://books.google.com/books?id=XtHEgx0odbEC&dq=ovid+milton+icarus+phaethon+OR+phaeton&pg=PA154 online]; [[R.J. Zwi Werblowsky]], ''[[Lucifer and Prometheus]]'' (Routledge, 2001, reprinted from 1952), p. 32 [https://books.google.com/books?id=MsR909HjyGkC&dq=%22such+hubris+legends+as%22&pg=PA32 online].</ref> and [[James Joyce|Joyce]].<ref>R. J. Schork, ''Latin and Roman Culture in Joyce'' (University Press of Florida, 1997), p. 160 [https://books.google.com/books?id=HWS8zlRxZ48C&q=Icarus+Phaethon&pg=PA160 online].</ref>

In Renaissance [[iconography]], the significance of Icarus depends on context: in the Orion Fountain at Messina, he is one of many figures associated with water; but he is also shown on the Bankruptcy Court of the Amsterdam Town Hall – where he [[symbol]]izes high-flying ambition.<ref>E. H. Gombrich, ''Symbolic Images; Studies in the Art of the Renaissance'' (London, 1972); p. 8.</ref> The 16th-century painting ''[[Landscape with the Fall of Icarus]]'',<ref>"On doute que l'exécution soit de Pieter I Bruegel mais la conception Lui est par contre attribuée avec certitude", [[Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120327082944/http://www.fine-arts-museum.be/fabritiusweb/FullBBBody.csp?SearchMethod=Find_1&Profile=Default&OpacLanguage=fre&RequestId=352686_1&RecordNumber=0CSPCHD=000100030001318j79f5000821052062 "Description détaillée"] (in French). Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2011.</ref><ref>de Vries, Lyckle (2003). "Bruegel's "Fall of Icarus": Ovid or Solomon?". Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art. Stichting voor Nederlandse Kunsthistorische Publicaties. 30 (1/2): 4–18. {{JSTOR|3780948}}.</ref>) attributed to [[Pieter Bruegel the Elder]], was the inspiration for two of the 20th century's most notable [[Ekphrasis|ekphrastic]] English-language poems, "[[Musée des Beaux Arts (poem)|Musée des Beaux Arts]]" by [[W. H. Auden]] and "[[Landscape with the Fall of Icarus (poem)|Landscape with the Fall of Icarus]]" by [[William Carlos Williams]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2009 |title=Ten of the best: examples of ekphrasis |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/nov/14/ten-best-ekphrasis-john-mullan |access-date=17 November 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Other English-language poems referring to the Icarus myth are "To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Triumph" by [[Anne Sexton]]; "Icarus" by [[John Updike]]; "Icarus Again" by Alan Devenish; "Mrs Icarus" by [[Carol Ann Duffy]]; "Failing and Flying" by [[Jack Gilbert]]; "It Should Have Been Winter" by Nancy Chen Long, "[https://www.subruria.com/release-one/up-like-icarus Up like Icarus]" by Mark Antony Owen, "Age 10, 3am" by Sheri Wright, and "Yesterday's Myth" by Jennifer Chang. While the myth is a major subtext throughout Hiromi Yoshida's full-length poetry book ''Green Roses Bloom for Icarus'' (2024), Icarus is a metaphor for troubled modern young men in the Norwegian [[Axel Jensen]]'s novel ''Icarus: A Young Man in Sahara'' (1957). He is also the subject of the 2017 novel, ''Icarus'', by Adam Wing.  According to the [[The New York Times Book Review|New York Times Book Review]], the hero of Andrew Boryga’s “Victim” is an “inner-city Icarus” who exaggerates his victimization narrative until it implodes.<ref name="s518">{{cite web |last=Askaripour |first=Mateo |date=2024-03-09 |title=Book Review: 'Victim,' by Andrew Boryga |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/09/books/review/victim-andrew-boryga.html |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="200" class="center">
File:Fall of Icarus Blondel decoration Louvre INV2624.jpg|''The Sun, or the Fall of Icarus'' (1819) by [[Merry-Joseph Blondel]], in the Rotunda of Apollo at the [[Louvre]]
File:De val van Icarus.jpg|A 16th century print of Icarus falling.<ref>{{Cite web|title=De val van Icarus|url=https://lib.ugent.be/viewer/archive.ugent.be:D1CDDE7A-78F2-11EA-9B8B-089BA936FAF6#?c=&m=&s=&cv=&xywh=-2235,296,8825,4736|access-date=2020-10-02|website=lib.ugent.be}}</ref>
File:Pieter Bruegel de Oude - De val van Icarus.jpg|In [[Pieter Bruegel the Elder|Bruegel]]'s ''[[Landscape with the Fall of Icarus]]'' ({{circa|1558}}) the fallen Icarus is a small detail at lower right.
File:Ikaria and Ikarus graffiti at Evdilos, Ikaria island - Greece.jpg|Modern street art of [[Icaria]] island and falling Icarus just outside the village of [[Evdilos]] on Icaria, Greece 
</gallery>