Editing Ian Fleming (section)

=== Education and early life ===
In 1914 Fleming attended [[Durnford School]], a [[Preparatory school (United Kingdom)|preparatory school]] on the [[Isle of Purbeck]] in [[Dorset]].{{sfn|DelFattore|1989|p=86}}{{efn|The school was near to the estate of the Bond family, who could trace their ancestry to an Elizabethan spy named John Bond, and whose motto was ''Non Sufficit Orbis''—the world is not enough.<ref>{{cite news |last=Britten |first=Nick |title=Ian Fleming 'used 16th century spy as inspiration for James Bond' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/3285886/Ian-Fleming-used-16th-century-spy-as-inspiration-for-James-Bond.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/3285886/Ian-Fleming-used-16th-century-spy-as-inspiration-for-James-Bond.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=4 December 2011 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=30 October 2008 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref>}} He did not enjoy his time at Durnford; he suffered unpalatable food, physical hardship and bullying.{{sfn| DelFattore |1989|p=86}}
[[File:Eton College quadrangle.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A building in the Tudor style with a courtyard in front|[[Eton College]], Fleming's ''alma mater'' from 1921 to 1927]]
In 1921 Fleming enrolled at [[Eton College]]. Not a high achiever academically, he excelled at athletics and held the title of ''[[Victor Ludorum]]'' ("Winner of the Games") for two years between 1925 and 1927.{{sfn|Macintyre|2008|p=33}} He also edited a school magazine, ''The Wyvern''.<ref name="Lycett (DNB)" /> His lifestyle at Eton brought him into conflict with his housemaster, E. V. Slater, who disapproved of Fleming's attitude, his hair oil, his ownership of a car and his relations with women.{{sfn| DelFattore |1989|p=86}} Slater persuaded Fleming's mother to remove him from Eton a term early for a [[Cram school|crammer]] course to gain entry to the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]].<ref name=":0" />{{sfn| DelFattore |1989|p=86}} He spent less than a year there, leaving in 1927 without gaining a commission, after contracting [[gonorrhea]].{{sfn|Macintyre|2008|p=33}}

In 1927, to prepare Fleming for possible entry into the [[Foreign Office]],{{sfn|Benson|1988|p=45}} his mother sent him to the Tennerhof in [[Kitzbühel]], Austria, a small private school run by the [[Adlerian]] disciple and former British spy Ernan Forbes Dennis and his novelist wife, [[Phyllis Bottome]].{{sfn|DelFattore|1989|p=87}} After improving his language skills there, he studied briefly at [[Munich University]] and the [[University of Geneva]].<ref name="Lycett (DNB)" /> While in Geneva, Fleming began a romance with Monique Panchaud de Bottens{{efn|Some sources provide the name as "Monique Panchaud de Bottomes".{{sfn|Chancellor|2005|p=17}}}} and the couple became engaged just before he returned to London in September 1931 to take the Foreign Office exam. He scored an adequate pass standard, but failed to get a job offer.{{sfn|Lycett|1996|p=46}} His mother intervened in his affairs, lobbying [[Roderick Jones (journalist)|Sir Roderick Jones]], head of [[Reuters|Reuters News Agency]], and in October 1931 he was given a position as a [[sub-editor]] and journalist for the company.<ref name="Lycett (DNB)" /> In April 1933 Fleming spent time in [[Moscow]], where he covered the [[Stalinism|Stalinist]] [[show trial]] of six engineers from the British company [[Metropolitan-Vickers]].{{sfn|Benson|1988|p=46}} While there he applied for an interview with Soviet premier [[Joseph Stalin]], and was amazed to receive a personally signed note apologising for not being able to attend.{{sfn|Macintyre|2008|p=39}} Upon returning from Moscow he ended the engagement to Monique after his mother threatened to cut off his trust fund allowance.{{sfn|Lycett|1996|p=59}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Buckton |first=Oliver |title=The World Is Not Enough: A Biography of Ian Fleming |year=2021 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |location=Lanham, Maryland |isbn=978-1-5381-3858-8 |page=42}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Cook |first=Andrew |title=The Ian Fleming Miscellany |year=2015 |publisher=[[History Press]] |location=Stroud, England |isbn=978-0-7509-6577-4 |page=19}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/kino/50-jahre-james-bond-die-mutter-von-007-war-eine-schweizerin-a-859629.html |title=Und das ist die Mama von James Bond |website=[[Der Spiegel (website)|Der Spiegel]] |last1=Marti |first1=Michael |last2=Wälty |first2=Peter |date=7 October 2012 |language=de |access-date=14 July 2021}}</ref>

Fleming bowed to family pressure again in October 1933, and went into banking with a position at the financiers Cull & Co.{{sfn|Benson|1988|p=46}} In 1935 he moved to Rowe and Pitman on [[Bishopsgate]] as a stockbroker.{{sfn|Macintyre|2008|p=39}} Fleming was unsuccessful in both roles.{{sfn|Lycett|1996|p=72}}{{sfn|Benson|1988|p=46}} The same year, Fleming met Muriel Wright whilst skiing in Kitzbühel, and began a long-term relationship with her. After her death during a [[World War II bombing raid]] in London in 1944,<ref>{{cite web|title=Muriel Joyce Wright|url=https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/3123871/muriel-joyce-wright|website=cwgc.org|access-date=24 April 2025}}</ref> Fleming was overcome with guilt and remorse, and it is generally thought that she provided the inspiration for the women he was to create for his future novels.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2000/aug/23/books.filmnews |title=The girl who loved Bond's creator |first=Sarah |last=Wood |date=23 August 2000 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/news/local-news/welcome-derbyshire-home-tragic-beauty-861019 |first=Lynne |last=Dixon |work=Derbyshire Live |title=Welcome to the Derbyshire home of the tragic beauty who inspired Ian Fleming's only Mrs James Bond |date=3 December 2017}}</ref> Early in 1939 Fleming began an affair with Ann O'Neill, ''{{nee}}'' Charteris, who was married to the [[Shane O'Neill, 3rd Baron O'Neill|3rd Baron O'Neill]];{{sfn|Lycett|1996|p=96}} she was also having an affair with [[Esmond Harmsworth, 2nd Viscount Rothermere|Esmond Harmsworth]], the heir to Lord Rothermere, owner of the ''[[Daily Mail]]''.<ref name="Lycett (Ann DNB)" />