Editing Hypochondriasis (section)

==Diagnosis==
The [[ICD-10]] defines hypochondriasis as follows:
:A. Either one of the following:
::* A persistent belief, of at least six months' duration, of the presence of a minimum of two serious physical diseases (of which at least one must be specifically named by the patient).
::* A persistent preoccupation with a presumed deformity or disfigurement ([[body dysmorphic disorder]]).

:B. Preoccupation with the belief and the symptoms causes persistent distress or interference with personal functioning in daily living and leads the patient to seek medical treatment or investigations (or equivalent help from local healers).

:C. Persistent refusal to accept medical advice that there is no adequate physical cause for the symptoms or physical abnormality, except for short periods of up to a few weeks at a time immediately after or during medical investigations.

:D. Most commonly used exclusion criteria: not occurring only during any of the [[schizophrenia]] and related disorders (F20–F29, particularly F22) or any of the [[mood disorders]] (F30–F39).

The [[DSM-IV]] defines hypochondriasis according to the following criteria:<ref name="American Psychiatric Association" />
:A. Preoccupation with fears of having, or the idea that one has, a serious disease based on the person's misinterpretation of bodily symptoms.
:B. The preoccupation persists despite appropriate medical evaluation and reassurance.
:C. The belief in Criterion A is not of delusional intensity (as in [[Delusional Disorder]], Somatic Type) and is not restricted to a circumscribed concern about appearance (as in [[Body Dysmorphic Disorder]]).
:D. The preoccupation causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
:E. The duration of the disturbance is at least 6 months.
:F. The preoccupation is not better accounted for by [[Generalized Anxiety Disorder]], [[Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder]], [[Panic Disorder]], a [[Major Depressive Episode]], [[Separation anxiety disorder|Separation Anxiety]], or another Somatoform Disorder.

In the fifth version of the DSM ([[DSM-5]]), most who met criteria for DSM-IV hypochondriasis instead meet criteria for a diagnosis of [[somatic symptom disorder]] (SSD) or illness anxiety disorder (IAD).<ref name="mayoclinic.org"/>

===Classification===
The classification of hypochondriasis in relation to other psychiatric disorders has long been a topic of scholarly debate and has differed widely between different diagnostic systems and influential publications.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Scarella |first1=Timothy M. |last2=Laferton |first2=Johannes A. C. |last3=Ahern |first3=David K. |last4=Fallon |first4=Brian A. |last5=Barsky |first5=Arthur |date=2016-03-01 |title=The Relationship of Hypochondriasis to Anxiety, Depressive, and Somatoform Disorders |journal=Psychosomatics |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=200–207 |doi=10.1016/j.psym.2015.10.006 |pmid=26785798 |pmc=4792743 |issn=0033-3182}}</ref>

In the case of the DSM, the first and second versions listed hypochondriasis as a neurosis, whereas the third and fourth versions listed hypochondriasis as a somatoform disorder. The current version of the DSM (DSM-5) lists somatic symptom disorder (SSD) under the heading of "somatic symptom and related disorders", and illness anxiety disorder (IAD) under both this heading and as an anxiety disorder.<ref name=":1" />

The ICD-10, like the third and fourth versions of the DSM, lists hypochondriasis as a somatoform disorder.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pavithra |first1=N. |last2=Dahale |first2=Ajit Bhalchandra |last3=Desai |first3=Geetha |last4=Chaturvedi |first4=Santosh Kumar |date=2019 |title=Hypochondriasis: Clinical Profile in a Tertiary Care Psychiatry and Neurosciences Hospital in Southern India – A Retrospective Chart Review |journal=Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=178–181 |doi=10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_177_18 |doi-access=free |issn=0253-7176 |pmc=6436408 |pmid=30983668}}</ref> The ICD-11, however, lists hypochondriasis under the heading of "obsessive-compulsive or related disorders".<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics |url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1321276661 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=icd.who.int}}</ref>

There are also numerous influential scientific publications that have argued for other classifications of hypochondriasis. Notably, since the early 1990s, it has become increasingly common to regard hypochondriasis as an anxiety disorder, and to refer to the condition as "health anxiety" or "health related obsessive-compulsive disorder."<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Axelsson |first1=Erland |last2=Hedman-Lagerlöf |first2=Erik |date=2023-02-01 |title=Validity and clinical utility of distinguishing between DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder in pathological health anxiety: Should we close the chapter? |journal=Journal of Psychosomatic Research |volume=165 |pages=111133 |doi=10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111133 |pmid=36624001 |issn=0022-3999|doi-access=free }}</ref>