Editing Hydroxide (section)

==Applications==
[[Sodium hydroxide]] solutions, also known as [[lye]] and caustic soda, are used in the manufacture of [[wood pulp|pulp]] and [[paper]], [[textile]]s, [[drinking water]], [[soap]]s and [[detergent]]s, and as a [[drain cleaner]]. Worldwide production in 2004 was approximately 60&nbsp;million [[tonne]]s.<ref name= Ullmann>{{Ullmann|doi= 10.1002/14356007.a24_345.pub2|title= Sodium Hydroxide|author= Cetin Kurt, Jürgen Bittner |}}</ref> The principal method of manufacture is the [[chloralkali process]].

Solutions containing the hydroxide ion are generated when a salt of a [[weak acid]] is dissolved in water. [[Sodium carbonate]] is used as an alkali, for example, by virtue of the [[hydrolysis]] reaction
:{{chem|CO|3|2−}} + H<sub>2</sub>O {{eqm}} {{chem|HCO|3|−}} + OH<sup>−</sup> {{spaces|5}} ([[acid dissociation constant|p''K''<sub>a2</sub>]] = 10.33 at 25 °C and zero [[ionic strength]])
An example of the use of sodium carbonate as an alkali is when [[washing soda]] (another name for sodium carbonate) acts on insoluble [[ester]]s, such as [[triglyceride]]s, commonly known as fats, to hydrolyze them and make them soluble.

[[Bauxite]], a basic hydroxide of [[aluminium]], is the principal ore from which the metal is manufactured.<ref>{{cite book|title= Nature's Building Blocks: An A–Z Guide to the Elements|last= Emsley|first= John|publisher= Oxford University Press|year= 2001|location= Oxford, UK|isbn= 978-0-19-850340-8|chapter= Aluminium|page= [https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/24 24]|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=j-Xu07p3cKwC&pg=PA24|url= https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/24}}</ref> Similarly, [[goethite]] (α-FeO(OH)) and [[lepidocrocite]] (γ-FeO(OH)), basic hydroxides of [[iron]], are among the principal ores used for the manufacture of metallic iron.<ref>{{cite book|title= Nature's Building Blocks: An A–Z Guide to the Elements|last= Emsley|first= John|publisher= Oxford University Press|year= 2001|location= Oxford, UK|isbn= 978-0-19-850340-8|chapter= Aluminium|page= [https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/209 209]|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=j-Xu07p3cKwC&pg=PA209|url= https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/209}}</ref>
<!--==Notes==
*[http://pubs3.acs.org/acs/journals/doilookup?in_doi=10.1021/j100016a003 Solvation and Transport of H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> and OH<sup>−</sup> Ions in Water (JCP 99, 5749 (1995)]
The original article was a direct copy of a Russian encyclopedia article!-->