Editing Hydrocodone (section)

==Side effects==
[[File:Main symptoms of Hydrocodone overdose.svg|thumb|Main symptoms of Hydrocodone overdose]]

Common [[adverse drug reaction|side effects]] of hydrocodone are [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[constipation]], [[drowsiness]], [[dizziness]], [[lightheadedness]], [[anxiety (mood)|anxiety]], abnormally happy or sad mood, dry throat, difficulty [[urination|urinating]], [[rash]], [[itching]], and contraction of the pupils. Serious side effects include slowed or irregular breathing and chest tightness.<ref name="MedlinePlus">{{cite web | url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601006.html | work = MedlinePlus | title = Hydrocodone Combination Products | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine | date = 1 October 2008 | access-date = 20 April 2013 | archive-date = 5 July 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160705111552/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601006.html | url-status = live }}</ref>

Several cases of progressive bilateral hearing loss unresponsive to steroid therapy have been described as an infrequent adverse reaction to hydrocodone/paracetamol misuse. This adverse effect has been considered by some to be due to the [[ototoxicity]] of hydrocodone.<ref name="pmid10733182">{{cite journal | vauthors = Friedman RA, House JW, Luxford WM, Gherini S, Mills D | title = Profound hearing loss associated with hydrocodone/acetaminophen abuse | journal = The American Journal of Otology | volume = 21 | issue = 2 | pages = 188–191 | date = March 2000 | pmid = 10733182 | doi = 10.1016/S0196-0709(00)80007-1 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17525781">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ho T, Vrabec JT, Burton AW | title = Hydrocodone use and sensorineural hearing loss | journal = Pain Physician | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | pages = 467–472 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17525781 | url = http://www.painphysicianjournal.com/linkout_vw.php?issn=1533-3159&vol=10&page=467 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110723082234/http://www.painphysicianjournal.com/linkout_vw.php?issn=1533-3159&vol=10&page=467 | archive-date = 23 July 2011 }}</ref> Other researchers have suggested that paracetamol is the primary agent responsible for the ototoxicity.<ref name="pmid20493351">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yorgason JG, Kalinec GM, Luxford WM, Warren FM, Kalinec F | title = Acetaminophen ototoxicity after acetaminophen/hydrocodone abuse: evidence from two parallel in vitro mouse models | journal = Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery | volume = 142 | issue = 6 | pages = 814–9, 819.e1–2 | date = June 2010 | pmid = 20493351 | doi = 10.1016/j.otohns.2010.01.010 | s2cid = 25083914 }}</ref><ref name="pmid20193831">{{cite journal | vauthors = Curhan SG, Eavey R, Shargorodsky J, Curhan GC | title = Analgesic use and the risk of hearing loss in men | journal = The American Journal of Medicine | volume = 123 | issue = 3 | pages = 231–237 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 20193831 | pmc = 2831770 | doi = 10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.08.006 }}</ref>

The U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) assigns the drug to [[pregnancy category]] C, meaning that no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans have been conducted. A newborn of a mother taking opioid medications regularly prior to the birth will be physically dependent.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Neonatal abstinence syndrome: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007313.htm|access-date=11 January 2022|website=medlineplus.gov|language=en|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728061943/https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007313.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Opioid Use and Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy|url=https://www.acog.org/en/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/08/opioid-use-and-opioid-use-disorder-in-pregnancy|access-date=11 January 2022|website=www.acog.org|language=en|archive-date=11 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111225403/https://www.acog.org/en/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/08/opioid-use-and-opioid-use-disorder-in-pregnancy|url-status=live}}</ref> The baby may also exhibit respiratory depression if the opioid dose was high.<ref name="DailyMed-Reprexain" /> An epidemiological study indicated that opioid treatment during early pregnancy results in increased risk of various birth defects.<ref name="pmid21345403">{{cite journal | vauthors = Broussard CS, Rasmussen SA, Reefhuis J, Friedman JM, Jann MW, Riehle-Colarusso T, Honein MA | title = Maternal treatment with opioid analgesics and risk for birth defects | journal = American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | volume = 204 | issue = 4 | pages = 314.e1–314.11 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21345403 | doi = 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.12.039 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Symptoms of hydrocodone [[drug overdose|overdose]] include narrowed or widened pupils; slow, shallow, or stopped breathing; slowed or stopped heartbeat; cold, clammy, or blue skin; excessive sleepiness; loss of consciousness; seizures; or death.<ref name="MedlinePlus" />

Hydrocodone can be habit forming, causing physical and psychological dependence. Its abuse liability is similar to morphine and less than oxycodone.<ref name="pmid22992943">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wightman R, Perrone J, Portelli I, Nelson L | title = Likeability and abuse liability of commonly prescribed opioids | journal = Journal of Medical Toxicology | volume = 8 | issue = 4 | pages = 335–340 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 22992943 | pmc = 3550270 | doi = 10.1007/s13181-012-0263-x }}</ref>