Editing Human voice (section)

==Physiology and vocal timbre==
The sound of each individual's voice is thought to be entirely unique<ref>{{cite web |date=11 August 2016 |title=Is Every Human Voice and Fingerprint Really Unique? |url=https://theconversation.com/is-every-human-voice-and-fingerprint-really-unique-63739?sr=1 |website=The Conversation}}</ref> not only because of the actual shape and size of an individual's vocal cords but also due to the size and shape of the rest of that person's body, especially the vocal tract, and the manner in which the speech sounds are habitually formed and articulated. (It is this latter aspect of the sound of the voice that can be mimicked by skilled performers.) Humans have vocal folds that can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of chest and neck, the position of the tongue, and the tightness of otherwise unrelated muscles can be altered. Any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body, and an individual's size and bone structure can affect somewhat the sound produced by an individual.

Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as [[vocal resonation]]. Another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx, which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of laryngeal function are described as different kinds of [[vocal registers]].<ref name=Vennard>{{cite book
|title= singing: The Mechanism and the Technic
|last= Vennard
|first= William
|year= 1967
|publisher= Carl Fischer
|isbn= 978-0-8258-0055-9}}</ref> The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the [[singer's formant]], which has been shown to be a resonance added to the normal resonances of the vocal tract above the frequency range of most instruments and so enables the singer's voice to carry better over musical accompaniment.<ref>Sundberg, Johan, The Acoustics of the Singing Voice, Scientific American Mar 77, p82
</ref><ref>E. J. Hunter, J. G. Svec, and I. R. Titze. Comparison of the Produced and Perceived Voice Range Profiles in Untrained and Trained Classical Singers. J. Voice 2005.</ref>

===Vocal registration===

'''Vocal registration''' refers to the system of vocal registers within the human voice. A register in the human voice is a particular series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the [[vocal folds]], and possessing the same quality. Registers originate in ''[[larynx|laryngeal]]'' functioning. They occur because the vocal folds are capable of producing several different vibratory patterns.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Chest- and falsetto-like oscillations in a two-mass model of the vocal folds|journal = The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|date = 1996|issn = 0001-4966|pages = 3355–3359|volume = 100|issue = 5|doi = 10.1121/1.416976|first = Jorge C.|last = Lucero|bibcode = 1996ASAJ..100.3355L}}</ref> Each of these vibratory patterns appears within a particular ''Vocal range'' of [[pitch (music)|pitches]] and produces certain characteristic sounds.<ref name=Large>{{cite journal
|last=Large
|first= John
|date=February–March 1972
|title= Towards an Integrated Physiologic-Acoustic Theory of Vocal Registers
|journal= The NATS Bulletin
|volume= 28
|pages= 30–35}}</ref> The occurrence of registers has also been attributed to effects of the acoustic interaction between the vocal fold oscillation and the vocal tract.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Effect of source–tract acoustical coupling on the oscillation onset of the vocal folds|journal = The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|date = 2012|issn = 0001-4966|pages = 403–411|volume = 132|issue = 1|doi = 10.1121/1.4728170|pmid = 22779487|first1 = Jorge C.|last1 = Lucero|first2 = Kélem G.|last2 = Lourenço|first3 = Nicolas|last3 = Hermant|first4 = Annemie Van|last4 = Hirtum|first5 = Xavier|last5 = Pelorson|bibcode = 2012ASAJ..132..403L| s2cid=29954321 |url = https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00726367/file/LucEtAlJASA2012.pdf}}</ref> The term register can be somewhat confusing as it encompasses several aspects of the human voice. The term register can be used to refer to any of the following:<ref name = McKinney/>
* A particular part of the [[vocal range]] such as the upper, middle, or lower registers.
* A [[resonance]] area such as [[chest voice]] or [[head voice]].
* A [[phonation|phonatory]] process.
* A certain vocal [[timbre]].
* A region of the voice that is defined or delimited by vocal breaks.
* A subset of a [[language]] used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting.

In [[linguistics]], a '''register language''' is a language that combines [[tone (linguistics)|tone]] and vowel [[phonation]] into a single [[phonology|phonological]] system.

Within [[speech pathology]], the term vocal register has three constituent elements: a certain vibratory pattern of the vocal folds, a certain series of pitches, and a certain type of sound. Speech pathologists identify four vocal registers based on the physiology of laryngeal function: the [[vocal fry register]], the [[modal register]], the [[falsetto register]], and the [[whistle register]]. This view is also adopted by many vocal pedagogists.<ref name=McKinney />

===Vocal resonation===
{{main|Vocal resonation}}
'''Vocal resonation''' is the process by which the basic product of phonation is enhanced in timbre and/or intensity by the air-filled cavities through which it passes on its way to the outside air. Various terms related to the resonation process include amplification, enrichment, enlargement, improvement, intensification, and prolongation; although in strictly scientific usage acoustic authorities would question most of them. The main point to be drawn from these terms by a singer or speaker is that the result of resonation is, or should be, to make a better sound.<ref name=McKinney>{{cite book
|title= The Diagnosis and Correction of Vocal Faults
|last= McKinney
|first= James
|year= 1994
|publisher= Genovex Music Group
|isbn= 978-1-56593-940-0}}</ref>
There are seven areas that may be listed as possible vocal resonators. In sequence from the lowest within the body to the highest, these areas are the chest, the tracheal tree, the larynx itself, the pharynx, the oral cavity, the nasal cavity, and the sinuses.<ref name=Greene>{{cite book
|title= The Voice and its Disorders
|last= Greene
|first= Margaret
|author2=Lesley Mathieson
|year= 2001
|publisher= John Wiley & Sons; 6th Edition
|isbn= 978-1-86156-196-1}}</ref>