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==Application to epidemiology and public health== The application of ecological concepts to epidemiology has similar roots to those of other disciplinary applications, with Carl Linnaeus having played a seminal role. However, the term appears to have come into common use in the medical and public health literature in the mid-twentieth century.<ref>Corwin EHL. Ecology of health. New York: Commonwealth Fund, 1949. Cited in le Riche WH, Milner J. Epidemiology as Medical Ecology. Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh and London. 1971.</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Audy | first1 = JR. | date = 1958 | title = Medical ecology in relation to geography | journal = British Journal of Clinical Practice | volume = 12 | issue = 2| pages = 102β110 | pmid = 13510527 }}</ref> This was strengthened in 1971 by the publication of ''Epidemiology as Medical Ecology'',<ref>{{cite book|last1=le Riche|first1=W. Harding|author1-link=William Harding le Riche|last2=Milner|first2=Jean|title=Epidemiology as medical ecology.|date=1971|publisher=Churchill Livingstone|location=Edinburgh|isbn=9780700014811}}</ref> and again in 1987 by the publication of a textbook on ''Public Health and Human Ecology''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Last|first1=John M.|title=Public health & human ecology|date=1998|publisher=Appleton & Lange|location=Stamford, Connecticut|isbn=9780838580806|edition=2nd|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/publichealthhuma0000last_t6k6}}</ref> An "ecosystem health" perspective has emerged as a thematic movement, integrating research and practice from such fields as environmental management, public health, biodiversity, and economic development.<ref>Charron SF. Ecohealth research in practice: Innovative Applications of an Ecosystem Approach to Health. Springer, IDRC 2012.</ref> Drawing in turn from the application of concepts such as the social-ecological model of health, human ecology has converged with the mainstream of global public health literature.<ref>{{cite book |first1=F |last1=White |first2=L |last2=Stallones |first3=JM. |last3=Last |title=Global Public Health: Ecological Foundations|date=2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-975190-7 }}</ref>
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