Editing Hornsey (section)

==History==
{{See also|Municipal Borough of Hornsey}}
[[File:Hornsey High St 1873 sm.jpg|thumb|left|Hornsey High Street in 1873, with the old ''Three Compasses'' pub building in the centre]]
[[File:Crouch End, Former Hornsey Town Hall - geograph.org.uk - 988273.jpg|thumb|[[Hornsey Town Hall]], completed in 1935]]
The name Hornsey has its origin in the Saxon period and is derived from the name of a Saxon chieftain called Haering. Haering's Hege meant Haering's enclosure. The earliest-written form of the name was recorded as Harenhg' in about 1195. Its development thereafter gave rise to the modern-day names of Harringay (the district of London), the London Borough of Haringey and Hornsey.<ref>Madge, Stephen J. (1936). The Origin of the Name of Hornsey. Public Libraries Committee Hornsey. For further details on the etymology of the name, see [[History of Harringay]]</ref> The church was first mentioned in 1291.<ref>{{cite web|first1=A P |last1=Baggs|first2=Diane K |last2=Bolton|first3=M A |last3=Hicks|first4= R B|last4= Pugh|title= 'Hornsey, including Highgate: Churches', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 6, Friern Barnet, Finchley, Hornsey With Highgate, ed. T F T Baker and C R Elrington |location=London|year= 1980|pages= 172–182|publisher=British History Online|url= http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol6/pp172-182 |access-date= 30 June 2018}}</ref> Hornsey Village developed along what is now Hornsey High Street, and in the seventeenth century it was bisected by the [[New River (London)|New River]] that crossed the village in three places: first at the end of Nightingale Lane, secondly from behind the Three Compasses and lastly, as it does now, at the bottom of Tottenham Lane. The village grew dramatically after about 1860 and eventually merged with the separate settlement at [[Crouch End]] (first mentioned in 1465),<ref>{{cite book|title=A Dictionary of London Place-Names|first =A.D.|last =Mills|isbn=9780199566785|publisher= Oxford|year= 2010|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=UWKcAQAAQBAJ&q=Crouch+End+&pg=PA68 67–68]}}</ref> to form an urban area in the middle of the parish.

Hornsey was a much larger original [[ancient parish]] than today's [[wards of the United Kingdom|electoral ward]] of the same name. These entities are smaller than the [[Municipal Borough of Hornsey]] which co-governed the area with [[Middlesex County Council]] from [[Local Government Act 1888|1889]] until 1965, since when the name refers, as a minimum, to the London neighbourhood with a [[high street]] at its traditional heart to the west of [[Hornsey railway station]]. Its [[Hornsey (parish)|parish]] ranked sixth in size, of more than forty in [[Ossulstone]], the largest [[Hundred (county division)|hundred]] in [[Middlesex]] and was a scattered semi-rural community of 2,716 people in 1801.<ref name=pop/> By 1901 the population had risen about eightfold in forty years, reaching 87,626, by which time new localities/districts, mainly [[Crouch End]] and [[Muswell Hill]], were popularly becoming considered distinct from Hornsey.<ref name=pop>{{cite web|title='Table of population, 1801-1901', in A History of the County of Middlesex|volume=2|first= William |last=Page |location=London|year= 1911|pages= 112–120|publisher=British History Online |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol2/pp112-120 |access-date= 13 June 2018}}</ref> The [[N postcode area|N8 postcode district]], the current form of Hornsey ward as devised from time-to-time for [[malapportionment|equal representation]] (electorate) across wards of the Borough, and the choice of other railway and tube stations towards, on these definitions, outer parts create conflicting definitions of Hornsey and it is unclear whether since 1965 the term is distinct from Hornsey Village, a term unrecognised by some residents.

The old parish used to have two small [[detached part]]s immediately beyond and within Stoke Newington Parish.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22489 |chapter=Ossulstone Hundred |editor1-first=T.F.T. |editor1-last=Baker |editor2-first=C.R. |editor2-last=Elrington |editor2-link=Christopher Elrington |first1=A.P. |last1=Baggs |first2=Diane K. |last2=Bolton |first3=M.A. |last3=Hicks |author-link3=Michael Hicks (historian) |first4=R.B. |last4=Pugh |author-link4=Ralph Pugh |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |date=1980 |title=A History of the County of Middlesex |volume=6 |pages=1–5 |access-date=8 November 2015 }}</ref> In the 1840s the parish had 5,937 residents, slightly reduced by the loss of [[Finsbury Park]] but comprised {{cvt|2362|acre|km2}} taking in besides its own village, the established [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]]s of [[Muswell Hill]], [[Crouch End]], [[Stroud Green]], and part of [[Highgate, London|Highgate]].<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51045 |chapter=Horndon, East - Horsell |first=Samuel |last=Lewis |author-link=Samuel Lewis (publisher) |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |date=1848 |title=A Topographical Dictionary of England |access-date=5 November 2014}}</ref>

In the later eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth century, Hornsey became an increasingly popular area for wealthy merchants wanting a comfortable home close to London. With them came the laying out some large estates and subsequently the development of large villas along the principal routes. The arrival of the railway in 1850 made Hornsey a commuter town and accelerated urban development. In the late 1860s, large areas of Hornsey were developed by freehold land societies for working-class housing including Abyssinia (later known as Hornsey Vale) and Campsbourne.<ref>{{cite book |title=Abyssinia: Hornsey's Lost Village |first=Hugh |last=Flouch |publisher=Hornsey Historical Society|year=2024 }}</ref>  Development of a generally much more middle-class nature continued throughout the [[Victorian era|Victorian]] and [[Edwardian]] eras with the final gaps being filled during interwar period. Most of the early freehold land estates have since been demolished for public housing, or in the case of Abyssinia (Hornsey Vale) to accommodate the [[Hornsey School for Girls]].

The tower of the original parish church still stands in its ancient graveyard in Hornsey High Street, at the centre of the old village. Well-known people buried in the churchyard include English poet [[Samuel Rogers]] and Dutch poet Gerrit van de Linde [https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De Schoolmeester|Gerrit van de Linde] [aka The Schoolmaster].

Other notable places are the former [[Hornsey Town Hall]] in [[Crouch End]], and Highpoint and [[Cromwell House]] in [[Highgate]]. On the north side of the High Street was the old public bath and wash house (not to be confused with Hornsey Road Baths & Laundry {{convert|1+1/2|mi}} away on Hornsey Road) which was demolished to make way for a new housing scheme and [[Sainsbury's]]. Opened in 1932, it had 33,000 users a year in the 1950s.<ref>{{cite book |title=Hornsey Past |first=Steven |last=Denford |publisher=Historical Publications |year=2008 }}</ref> A small group of residents wished [[Haringey Council]] to purchase the site and install arts and crafts studios, with a gallery, primarily for local artists.

For 1978 to 2002 in the borough, having in its initial 13 years no wards mentioning ''Hornsey'', three wards bearing the name existed and so popularised it among bordering, competing areas with newer names, strongly reflecting their historic, shared identity:
#Hornsey Central
#Hornsey Vale
#South Hornsey<ref>[http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadAreaSearch.do?a=7&i=1001&m=0&s=1415204765986&enc=1&areaSearchText=hornsey&areaSearchType=14&extendedList=false&searchAreas= Ward search] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082145/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadAreaSearch.do?a=7&i=1001&m=0&s=1415204765986&enc=1&areaSearchText=hornsey&areaSearchType=14&extendedList=false&searchAreas= |date=4 March 2016 }} Office for National Statistics.  Retrieved 5 November 2014.</ref>

===Economic development===
[[File:New development on Chadwell Lane, Hornsey - geograph.org.uk - 1098912.jpg|thumb|21st-century housing in Chadwell Lane, Hornsey]]
In the 1840s a section of a major new railway line from London to the north, the [[Great Northern Railway (Great Britain)]], was constructed right through Hornsey near to the centre of the village, and a station - the first out of London on the line - was built to serve it on Tottenham Lane, opened on 8 August 1850. It was successful and sidings on both sides of the line were constructed s well as goods depots, so Hornsey became somewhat of a railway town. This tradition continues: two major maintenance depots for the new electric trains running from Finsbury Park to Brighton have been constructed beside the main line.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/passenger/siemens-beats-bombardier-to-thameslink-train-order/36028.article|title=Siemens beats Bombardier to Thameslink train order|website=Railway Gazette International}}</ref>

In 1870 the first shop of what would become the [[David Greig (supermarket)|David Greig]] national grocery chain, once a rival to Sainsbury's, was opened in 32 Hornsey High Street by Greig's mother.

In 1951 the first [[Lotus Cars]] factory was established in stables behind the Railway Hotel (now No5 Dining) on Tottenham Lane. The company was formed as Lotus Engineering Ltd by [[Colin Chapman]]. The Railway Hotel pub was owned by Chapman's father. In its early days, Lotus sold cars aimed at private racers and trialists. Its early road cars could be bought as kits, in order to save on [[purchase tax]]. Lotus moved to [[Cheshunt]] in 1959, and to Hethel in Norfolk in 1966. Adjacent to the pub was the first Lotus showroom (formerly part of Jewson's) where there is now a memorial plaque to Colin Chapman erected by Club Lotus. An application to demolish the building by Jewson's, listed by Haringey Council as an "historic building of interest", was turned down following a public campaign by local resident Chris Arnold, son of the former Lotus Sales Director Graham Arnold. It was briefly a plumbing shop but is now empty. Suggestions have been made to turn it into a Colin Chapman museum or the Colin Chapman Innovation Centre for young people. The site is now being developed by Fifth State<ref>[https://thelotusbuilding.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Lotus-Building-A1-Boards.pdf proposal]</ref> as the Lotus Buildings and will celebrate the Lotus heritage with a community cafe, new public spaces and housing for students.

Established in 1964, [[Hornsey Co-operative Credit Union]] was Britain's oldest [[credit union]], until it merged with [[London Capital Credit Union]] in 2013.

Since 2000 Hornsey's residential developments have been architecturally diverse and overall accommodative of a diverse range of the local community. This has included estates of more than 50 homes with a proportion available under [[social housing]] and [[affordable housing]] schemes.

The Hornsey Water Treatment Works were developed alongside the [[New River (London)|New River]], the water supply system constructed in the 17th century that brings water from Hertfordshire to London.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://harringayonline.com/group/historyofharringay/forum/topics/a-river-through-it-development-of-the-new-river-and-water-works-i|title=A River Through it - Development of the New River and Water Works in Hornsey|website=www.harringayonline.com}}</ref> The brick buildings associated with the works were the last constructed by the [[New River Company]] before the [[Metropolitan Water Board]] took over in 1904. They are now run by [[Thames Water]] and still supply some of London's water.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=1285|title=Engineering Timelines - Hornsey Water Treatment Works|website=www.engineering-timelines.com}}</ref>