Editing Horned God (section)

==In psychology==

===Jungian analysis===
[[File:Gehörnter Gott, Enkomi.jpg|thumb|upright|Bronze figurine of a "Horned God" from [[Enkomi (archaeological site)|Enkomi]], Cyprus]]

Sherry Salman considers the image of the Horned God in [[Jungian]] terms, as an archetypal protector and mediator of the outside world to the objective psyche. In her theory the male psyche's 'Horned God' frequently compensates for inadequate fathering.

When first encountered, the figure is a dangerous, 'hairy chthonic wildman' possessed of kindness and intelligence. If [[psychological repression|repressed]], later in life The Horned God appears as the lord of the Otherworld, or [[Hades]]. If split off entirely, he leads to violence, substance abuse and sexual perversion. When integrated he gives the male an ego "in possession of its own destructiveness" and for the female psyche gives an effective [[anima and animus|animus]] relating to both the physical body and the psyche.<ref>
{{Cite book
|title= The Inner World of Trauma
|publisher=Routledge
|first=Donald
|last=Kalsched
|year=1996
|isbn=0-415-12329-1}}
</ref>

In considering the Horned God as a symbol recurring in women's literature, Richard Sugg suggests the Horned God represents the 'natural Eros', a masculine lover subjugating the social-conformist nature of the female shadow, thus encompassing a combination of the [[Shadow (psychology)|shadow]] and animus. One such example is [[Heathcliff (Wuthering Heights)|Heathcliff]] from [[Emily Brontë]]'s ''[[Wuthering Heights]]''. Sugg goes on to note that female characters who are paired with this character usually end up socially ostracised, or worse—in an inverted ending to the male hero-story.<ref>
{{Cite book
|title=Jungian Literary Criticism
|publisher=Northwestern University Press
|first=Richard
|last=Sugg
|year=1994
|isbn=0-8101-1042-3
|url-access=registration
|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780810110427
}}
</ref>{{rp|162}}

===Humanistic psychology===
Following the work of [[Robert Bly]] in the [[Mythopoetic men's movement]], [[John Rowan (psychologist)|John Rowan]] proposes the Horned God as a "[[Woodwose|Wild Man]]" be used as a fantasy image or "sub-personality"<ref>
{{Cite book
|title=Discover your sub-personalities
|publisher=Routledge
|first=John
|last=Rowan
|year=1993
|isbn=0-415-07366-9}}
</ref>{{rp|38}} helpful to men in [[humanistic psychology]], and escaping from "narrow societal images of masculinity"<ref name=rowanhealing>
{{Cite book
|title=Healing the Male Psyche
|publisher=Routledge
|first=John
|last=Rowan
|year=1996
|isbn=0-415-10049-6}}
</ref>{{rp|249}} encompassing excessive deference to women and [[paraphillia]].<ref name=rowanhealing/>{{rp|57-57}}