Editing Hopi (section)

==Pueblo Revolt of 1680==

{{Main|Pueblo Revolt}}
Spanish Franciscan priests were only marginally successful in converting the Hopi and persecuted them for adhering to Hopi religious practices. The Spanish occupiers enslaved the Hopi populace, forcing them to labor and hand over goods and crops. Spanish oppression and attempts to convert the Hopi caused the Hopi over time to become increasingly intolerant towards their occupiers.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> The documentary record shows evidence of Spanish abuses. In 1655, a Franciscan priest by the name of [[Salvador de Guerra]] beat to death a Hopi man named Juan Cuna. As punishment, Guerra was removed from his post on the Hopi mesas and sent to Mexico City.<ref>Scholes, France V. ''Troublous Times in New Mexico, 1659-1670''. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1942.  1942</ref> In 1656, a young Hopi man by the name of Juan Suñi was sent to [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] as an indentured servant because he impersonated the resident priest [[Alonso de Posada]] at Awatovi, an act believed to have been carried out in the spirit of Hopi clowning.<ref>Daughters, Anton. "A Seventeenth-Century Instance of Hopi Clowning?" ''Kiva'' 74:4 (Summer 2009) 2009</ref> During the period of Franciscan missionary presence (1629–1680), the only significant conversions took place at the pueblo of Awatovi.<ref name="Brew, J.O. 1850" /> In the 1670s, the Rio Grande Pueblo Indians put forward the suggestion to revolt in 1680 and garnered Hopi support.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> 

The Pueblo Revolt was the first time that diverse Pueblo groups had worked in unison to drive out the Spanish colonists. In the Burning of Awatovi, Spanish soldiers, local Catholic Church missionaries, friars, and priests were all put to death, and the churches and mission buildings were dismantled stone by stone. It took two decades for the Spanish to reassert their control over the Rio Grande Pueblos but the Catholic Inquisition never made it back to Hopiland. In 1700, the Spanish friars had begun rebuilding a smaller church at Awatovi. During the winter of 1700–1701, teams of men from the other Hopi villages sacked Awatovi at the request of the village chief, killed all the men of the village, and removed the women and children to other Hopi villages, then completely destroyed the village and burned it to the ground. Thereafter, despite intermittent attempts during the 18th century, the Spanish never re-established a presence in Hopi country.<ref name="Brew, J.O. 1850" />