Editing Holy Roman Emperor (section)

==List of emperors==
{{See also|List of German monarchs}}
This list includes all 47 German monarchs crowned from Charlemagne until the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire (800–1806).

Several rulers were crowned [[king of the Romans]] (king of Germany) but not emperor, although they styled themselves thus, among whom were: [[Conrad I of Germany|Conrad I]] and [[Henry the Fowler]] in the 10th century, and [[Conrad IV]], [[Rudolf I of Germany|Rudolf I]], [[Adolf, King of the Romans|Adolf]] and [[Albert I of Germany|Albert I]] during the ''interregnum'' of the late 13th century.

Traditional historiography assumes a continuity between the [[Carolingian Empire]] and the Holy Roman Empire, while a modern convention takes the coronation of Otto I in 962 as the starting point of the Holy Roman Empire (although the term ''Sacrum Imperium Romanum'' was not in use before the 13th century).

===Roman Emperors===
{{Further|List of Frankish kings#Carolingians}}
On Christmas Day, 800, Charlemagne, King of the Franks, was crowned Emperor of the Romans ({{Lang|la|Imperator Romanorum}}) by [[Pope Leo III]], in opposition to [[Irene of Athens|Empress Irene]], who was then ruling the Roman Empire from Constantinople. Charlemagne's descendants from the [[Carolingian Dynasty]] continued to be crowned Emperor until 899, excepting a brief period when the Imperial crown was awarded to the [[Widonids|Widonid]] [[Duke of Spoleto|Dukes of Spoleto]]. There is some contention as to whether the Holy Roman Empire dates as far back as Charlemagne, some histories consider the [[Carolingian Empire]] to be a distinct polity from the later Holy Roman Empire as established under Otto I in 962.

====800–888: Carolingian dynasty====
{{Main|Carolingian dynasty}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! colspan=2 | Reign
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Charlemagne denier Mayence 812 814.jpg|100px|]]
| [[Charlemagne]] (Charles I)<br/>{{Small|748–814}}
| 25 December 800
| 28 January 814
| None
| class=small | 
* [[List of Frankish kings|King of the Franks]]
* [[King of Italy|King of the Lombards]]

|-
| [[File:Ludwik I Pobożny.jpg|100px|]]
| [[Louis the Pious|Louis I]], ''the Pious''<br/>{{Small|778–840}}
| 11 September 813<ref>Egon Boshof: ''Ludwig der Fromme''. Darmstadt 1996, p. 89</ref>
| 20 June 840
| Son of [[Charlemagne|Charles I]]
| class=small | 
* [[List of Frankish kings|King of the Franks]]
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[King of Aquitaine]]

|-
| [[File:Lothar I.jpg|100px|]]
| [[Lothair I]]<br/>{{Small|795–855}}
| 5 April 823
| 29 September 855
| Son of [[Louis the Pious|Louis I]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[Middle Francia|King of Middle Francia]]

|-
| [[File:Louis II of Italy.png|100px]]
| [[Louis II of Italy|Louis II]]<br/>{{Small|825–875}}
| 29 September 855
| 12 August 875
| Son of [[Lothair I]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Italy]]

|-
| [[File:Карл Лысый.jpg|100px|]]
| [[Charles the Bald|Charles II]], ''the Bald''<br/>{{Small|823–877}}
| 25 December 875
| 6 October 877
| Son of [[Louis the Pious|Louis I]], younger half-brother of [[Lothair I]]
| class=small | 
* [[West Francia|King of West Francia]]
* [[King of Italy]]

|-
| [[File:Sceau de Charles le gros.jpg|100px]]
| [[Charles the Fat|Charles III]], ''the Fat''<br/>{{Small|839–888}}
| 12 February 881
| 13 January 888
| Grandson of [[Louis the Pious|Louis I]], nephew of [[Charles the Bald]]
| class=small | 
* [[West Francia|King of West Francia]]
* [[List of German monarchs|King of East Francia]]
* [[King of Italy]]

|}

====891–898: Widonid dynasty====
{{Main|Widonids}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! colspan=2 | Reign
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Wido rex Italiae.jpg|100px]]
| [[Guy III of Spoleto|Guy]]<br/>{{Small|?–894}}
| 21 February 891
| 12 December 894
| 2nd Great-grandson of [[Charlemagne|Charles I]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[Duke of Spoleto]]

|-
| [[File:Lambert de Spolète.jpg|100px]]
| [[Lambert of Italy|Lambert]]<br/>{{Small|880–898}}
| 30 April 892
| 15 October 898
| Son of [[Guy III of Spoleto|Guy]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[Duke of Spoleto]]

|}

====896–899: Carolingian dynasty====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! colspan=2 | Reign
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Seal of Arnulph of Carinthia (896).jpg|100px|]]
| [[Arnulf of Carinthia|Arnulf]]<br/>{{Small|850–899}}
| 22 February 896
| 8 December 899
| Nephew of [[Charles the Fat|Charles III]]<br/>Great-grandson of [[Louis the Pious|Louis I]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[List of Frankish kings|King of East Francia]]

|}

====901–905: Bosonid dynasty====
{{Main|Bosonids}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! colspan=2 | Reign
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Coins of Pope Benedict IV and Emperor Louis III.PNG|100px]]
| [[Louis the Blind|Louis III]], ''the Blind''<br/>{{Small|880–928}}
| 22 February 901
| 21 July 905
| Grandson of [[Louis II of Italy|Louis II]]
Adopted son of [[Charles the Fat|Charles III]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[List of kings of Burgundy|King of Provence]]

|}

====915–924: Unruoching dynasty====
{{Main|Unruochings}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! colspan=2 | Reign
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Berengar I on a seal.jpg|100px|]]
| [[Berengar I of Italy|Berengar]]<br/>{{Small|845–924}}
| December 915
| 7 April 924
| Grandson of [[Louis the Pious|Louis I]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[Dukes and margraves of Friuli|Margrave of Friuli]]

|}

===Holy Roman Emperors===
While earlier Frankish and Italian monarchs had been crowned as Roman emperors, the actual [[Holy Roman Empire]] is often considered to have begun with the crowning of Frederick Barbarossa who called the empire "the holy empire", however in general it is already attributed to [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]], at the time Otto was [[Duke of Saxony]] and [[King of Germany]]. Because the King of Germany was an elected position, being elected King of Germany was functionally a pre-requisite to being crowned Holy Roman Emperor. By the 13th century, the [[Prince-elector]]s became formalized as a specific body of seven electors, consisting of three bishops and four secular princes. Through the middle 15th century, the electors chose freely from among a number of dynasties. A period of dispute during the second half of the 13th century over the kingship of Germany led to there being no emperor crowned for several decades, though this ended in 1312 with the coronation of [[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor]]. The period of free election ended with the ascension of the Austrian [[House of Habsburg]], as an unbroken line of Habsburgs held the imperial throne until the 18th century. Later a cadet branch known as the [[House of Habsburg-Lorraine]] passed it from father to son until the abolition of the Empire in 1806. Notably, from the 16th century, the Habsburgs dispensed with the requirement that emperors be crowned by the pope before exercising their office. Starting with [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]], all successive emperors forwent the traditional coronation.

====962–1024: Ottonian dynasty====
{{Main|Ottonian dynasty}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! Term as King began
! Term as Emperor began
! Term(s) ended
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:017 otto siegel 2.jpg|100px|]]
| [[Otto the Great|Otto I]], ''the Great''<br/>{{Small|912–973}}
| 7 August 936
| 2 February 962
| 7 May 973
| None
| class=small | 
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[List of rulers of Saxony|Duke of Saxony]]

|-
| [[File:Otto II. (HRR).jpg|100px|]]
| [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]], ''the Red''<br/>{{Small|955–983}}
| 26 May 961
| 25 December 967
| 7 December 983
| Son of [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]]
| rowspan=2 class=small | 
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[King of Germany]]

|-
| [[File:Clm 4453 fol 24r Detail Herrscherbild.jpg|100px|]]
| [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]]<br/>{{Small|980–1002}}
| 25 December 983
| 21 May 996
| 23 January 1002
| Son of [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]]

|-
| [[File:Kronung Heinrich II.jpg|100px]]
| [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]]{{NoteTag|Enumerated as successor of Henry I who was German King 919–936 but not Emperor.}}<br/>{{Small|973–1024}}
| [[1002 German royal election|7 June 1002]]
| 14 February 1014
| 13 July 1024
| Second cousin of [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]], grandnephew of [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[Duchy of Bavaria|Duke of Bavaria]]
* [[Duke of Carinthia]]

|}

====1027–1125: Salian dynasty====
{{Main|Salian dynasty}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! Term as King began
! Term as Emperor began
! Term(s) ended
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Konrad2Salsky-2.jpg|100px|]]
| [[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor|Conrad II]], ''the Elder''{{NoteTag|Enumerated as successor of Conrad I who was German King 911–918 but not Emperor}}<br/>{{Small|990–1039}}
| 8 September 1024
| 26 March 1027
| 4 June 1039
| 2nd Great-grandson of [[Otto the Great|Otto I]] and [[Eadgyth|Eadgyth of England]] through [[Liutgard of Saxony (died 953)|Liutgarde, Duchess of Lorraine]]
| class=small | 
* [[List of kings of Burgundy|King of Burgundy]]
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[King of Germany]]

|-
| [[File:Heinrich III. (HRR) Miniatur.jpg|100px|]]
| [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]], ''the Black''<br/>{{Small|1017–1056}}
| 14 April 1028
| 25 December 1046
| 5 October 1056
| Son of [[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor|Conrad II]]
| class=small | 
* [[List of kings of Burgundy|King of Burgundy]]
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[Duke of Bavaria]]
* [[Duke of Swabia]]
* [[Duke of Carinthia]]
* [[Margrave of Meissen]]

|-
| [[File:Heinrich 4 g.jpg|100px|]]
| [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]]<br/>{{Small|1050–1106}}
| 17 July 1054
| 1 April 1084
| 7 August 1106
| Son of [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]]
| class=small | 
* [[List of kings of Burgundy|King of Burgundy]]
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[Duke of Bavaria]]

|-
| [[File:Paschalis.jpg|100px]]
| [[Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry V]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RY6VmGuAaCkC&q=supplinburg+dynasty&pg=PA131|title=The Origins of Modern Germany|first=Geoffrey|last=Barraclough|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|year=1984|isbn=978-0-393-30153-3}}</ref><br/>{{Small|1086–1125}}
| 6 January 1099
| 13 April 1111
| 23 May 1125
| Son of [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[List of kings of Burgundy|King of Burgundy]]

|}

====1133–1137: Supplinburg dynasty====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! Term as King began
! Term as Emperor began
! Term(s) ended
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor.jpg|100px]]
| [[Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair II]]{{NoteTag|Enumerated also Lothair III as successor of Lothair II, who was King of Lotharingia 855–869 but not Emperor}}<br/>{{Small|1075–1137}}
| [[1125 German royal election|30 August 1125]]
| 4 June 1133
| 4 December 1137
| 6th Great-grandnephew of [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto I]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[List of kings of Burgundy|King of Burgundy]]
* [[Duke of Saxony]]

|}

====1155–1197: Staufen dynasty====
{{Main|Hohenstaufen}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! Term as King began
! Term as Emperor began
! Term(s) ended
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Frederick I (HRE).jpg|100px]]
| [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] ''Barbarossa''<br/>{{Small|1122–1190}}
| [[1152 imperial election|4 March 1152]]
| 18 June 1155
| 10 June 1190
| Great-grandson of [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] through [[Agnes of Waiblingen]]<br/>Descendant of [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]] through [[Matilda of Germany, Countess Palatine of Lotharingia|Matilda of Germany]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[List of kings of Burgundy|King of Burgundy]]

|-
| [[File:Codex Manesse Heinrich VI. (HRR).jpg|100px]]
| [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]]<br/>{{Small|1165–1197}}
| 15 August 1169
| 14 April 1191
| 28 September 1197
| Son of [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[List of kings of Burgundy|King of Burgundy]]
* [[List of monarchs of Sicily|Co-King of Sicily]]

|}

====1209–1215: Welf dynasty====
{{Main|House of Welf}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! [[Coats of arms of Holy Roman Emperors|Coat of arms]]
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! Term as King began
! Term as Emperor began
! Term(s) ended
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Ottta4Brunsvicky.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Coat of arms of Otto IV of Brunswick as Holy Roman Emperor (Chronica Maiora).svg|100px]]
| [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]]<br/>{{Small|1175–1218}}
| 9 June 1198
| 21 October 1209
| 1215
| Great-grandson of [[Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair II]] through [[Gertrude of Süpplingenburg]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[List of kings of Burgundy|King of Burgundy]]

|}

====1220–1250: Staufen dynasty====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! Term as King began
! Term as Emperor began
! Term(s) ended
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Frederick II (HRE).jpg|100px]]
| [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]],<br/> ''Stupor Mundi'' {{Small|1194–1250}}
| 5 December 1212
| 22 November 1220
| 13 December 1250
| Son of [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[List of monarchs of Sicily|King of Sicily]]
* [[King of Jerusalem]]

|}

The [[List of German monarchs#Interregnum|interregnum]] of the Holy Roman Empire is taken to have lasted from the deposition of Frederick II by [[Pope Innocent IV]] in 1245 (or alternatively from Frederick's death in 1250 or from the death of [[Conrad IV]] in 1254) to the election of [[Rudolf I of Germany]] (1273). Rudolf was not crowned emperor, nor were his successors [[Adolf, King of the Romans|Adolf]] and [[Albert I of Germany|Albert]]. The next emperor was [[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VII]], crowned on 29 June 1312 by [[Pope Clement V]].

====1312–1313: House of Luxembourg====
{{Main|House of Luxembourg}}
{{Further|Interregnum (Holy Roman Empire)}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! [[Coats of arms of Holy Roman Emperors|Coat of arms]]
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! Term as King began
! Term as Emperor began
! Term(s) ended
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Henry Lux head.jpg|100px]]
| {{Holy Roman Emperor coats of arms|henry7}}
| [[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VII]]<br/>{{Small|1273–1313}}
| 27 November 1308
| 29 June 1312
| 24 August 1313
| Descendant of [[Charles the Bald|Charles II]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[Count of Luxemburg]]

|}

====1328–1347: House of Wittelsbach====
{{Main|House of Wittelsbach}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! [[Coats of arms of Holy Roman Emperors|Coat of arms]]
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! Term as King began
! Term as Emperor began
! Term(s) ended
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Ignoto, re ludovico IV, bull d'oro, 1329.JPG|100px]]
| {{Holy Roman Emperor coats of arms|louis4}}
| [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV]], ''the Bavarian''<br/>{{Small|1282–1347}}
| [[20 October 1314 imperial election|20 October 1314]]
| 17 January 1328
| 11 October 1347
| Descendant of [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto II]] (through [[Matilda of Germany, Countess Palatine of Lotharingia|Matilda of Germany]]),<br/>[[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] (through [[Agnes of Waiblingen]]<br/>and [[Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair II]] (through [[Gertrude of Süpplingenburg]])
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[Duke of Bavaria]]

|}

====1355–1437: House of Luxembourg====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! [[Coats of arms of Holy Roman Emperors|Coat of arms]]
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! Term as King began
! Term as Emperor began
! Term(s) ended
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Charles IV-John Ocko votive picture-fragment.jpg|100px]]
| {{Holy Roman Emperor coats of arms|charles4}}
| [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]]<br/>{{Small|1316–1378}}
| [[1346 imperial election|11 July 1346]]
| 5 April 1355
| 29 November 1378
| Grandson of [[Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VII]]<br/>Descendant of [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] through [[Philip of Swabia]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[King of Bohemia]]
* [[King of Burgundy]]
* [[Count of Luxemburg]]
* [[King of the Lombards]]

|-
| [[File:Pisanello 024b.jpg |100px]]
| {{Holy Roman Emperor coats of arms|sigismund}}
| [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]]<br/>{{Small|1368–1437}}
| [[1410–1411 elections (Holy Roman Empire)|10 September 1410<br/>/21 July 1411]]
| 31 May 1433
| 9 December 1437
| Son of [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[King of Bohemia]]
* [[King of Hungary]] and [[King of Croatia|Croatia]]

|}

====1440–1740: House of Habsburg====
{{Main|House of Habsburg}}
In 1508, [[Pope Julius II]] allowed [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]] to use the title of Emperor without coronation in Rome, though the title was qualified as ''Electus Romanorum Imperator'' ("elected Emperor of the Romans"). Maximilian's successors each adopted the same titulature, usually on becoming the sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. Maximilian's predecessor [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]] was the last to be crowned Emperor by the Pope in Rome, while Maximilian's successor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] was the last to be crowned by the pope, though in [[Bologna]], in 1530.<ref>Brinckmeier, Eduard (1882). [https://books.google.com/books?id=w4wBAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA311 ''Praktisches Handbuch der historischen Chronologie aller Zeiten und Völker, besonders des Mittelalters'']. p. 311.</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! [[Coats of arms of Holy Roman Emperors|Coat of arms]]
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! Term as King began
! Term as Emperor began
! Term(s) ended
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (Burgkmair).jpg|152x152px]]
| [[File:CoA Frederick III of Habsburg.svg|100px]]
| [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]], ''the Peaceful''<br/>{{Small|1415–1493}}
| [[1440 imperial election|2 February 1440]]
| 16 March 1452
| 19 August 1493
| Second cousin of [[Albert II of Germany]], Emperor designate<br/>Descendant of [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] (through [[Otto I, Count of Burgundy]])<br/>Descendant of [[Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothair II]] (through [[Gertrude of Süpplingenburg]])
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[Archduke of Austria]]

|-
| [[File:Bernhard Strigel 014.jpg|157x157px]]
| [[File:CoA Maximilian I of Habsburg.svg|100px]]
| [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]]<br/>{{Small|1459–1519}}
| [[1486 imperial election|16 February 1486]]
| 4 February 1508
| 12 January 1519
| Son of [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]]<br/>Descendant of [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] through [[Manfred, King of Sicily]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[Archduke of Austria]]

|-
| [[File:Pantoja de la Cruz after Titian - Charles V in Armour (2).jpg|168x168px]]
| [[File:Greater Coat of Arms of Charles V Holy Roman Emperor, Charles I as King of Spain.svg|100px]]
| [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]<br/>{{Small|1500–1558}}
| colspan=2 | [[1519 imperial election|28 June 1519]]
| 27 August 1556
| Grandson of [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[King of Italy]]
* [[Archduke of Austria]]
* [[King of Spain]]
* [[Seventeen Provinces|Lord of the Netherlands]] and [[Duke of Burgundy]]

|-
| [[File:Römisches Kaiser Ferdinand I.png|100px]]
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Middle Coat of Arms of Ferdinand I and Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperors.svg|100px]]
| [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]]<br/>{{Small|1503–1564}}
| [[1531 imperial election|5 January 1531]]
| 27 August 1556
| 25 July 1564
| Brother of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]<br/>Grandson of [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]]
| rowspan=8 class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[King of Bohemia]]
* [[King of Hungary]]
* [[King of Croatia]]
* [[Archduke of Austria]]

|-
| [[File:Römisches Kaiser Maximilian II.png|164x164px]]
| [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]]<br/>{{Small|1527–1576}}
| [[1562 imperial election|22 November 1562]]
| 25 July 1564
| 12 October 1576
| Son of [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]]<br/>Descendant of [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]] through [[Elizabeth of Luxembourg]]

|-
| [[File:Portrait des Kaiser Rudolph II (20).png|100px]]
| rowspan=3 | [[File:Middle Coat of Arms of Rudolf II, Matthias and Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperors.svg|100px]]
| [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf II]] {{NoteTag|Enumerated as successor of [[Rudolf I of Germany|Rudolph I]] who was German King 1273–1291.}}<br/>{{Small|1552–1612}}
| [[1575 imperial election|27 October 1575]]
| 12 October 1576
| 20 January 1612
| Son of [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]]<br/>Grandson of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]

|-
| [[File:Kaiser Matthias I im Reichsinsignien.png|100px]]
| [[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|Matthias]]<br/>{{Small|1557–1619}}
| colspan=2 | [[1612 imperial election|13 June 1612]]
| 20 March 1619
| Brother of [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf II]]<br/>Son of [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]]<br/>Grandson of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]

|-
| [[File:Kaiser Ferdinand II im Reichsinsignien Ornat.jpg|100px]]
| [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]]<br/>{{Small|1578–1637}}
| colspan=2 | [[1619 imperial election|28 August 1619]]
| 15 February 1637
| Cousin of [[Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor|Rudolf II]] and [[Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor|Matthias]]<br/>Grandson of [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]]

|-
| [[File:Frans Luycx - Portrait of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor.jpg|191x191px]]
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor.svg|100px]]
| [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]]<br/>{{Small|1608–1657}}
| [[1636 imperial election|22 December 1636]]
| 15 February 1637
| 2 April 1657
| Son of [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]]

|-
| [[File:Kaiser Leopold I im Reichsinsignien Ornat.png|100px]]
| [[File:Greater Coat of Arms of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor.svg|100px]]
| [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]]<br/>{{Small|1640–1705}}
| colspan=2 | [[1658 imperial election|18 July 1658]]
| 5 May 1705
| Son of [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]]<br/>Great-great-grandson of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] and [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian II]]

|-
| [[File:Joseph I Holy Roman Emperor 002.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor.svg|100px]]
| [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph I]]<br/>{{Small|1678–1711}}
| [[1690 imperial election|23 January 1690]]
| 5 May 1705
| 17 April 1711
| Son of [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]]

|-
|[[File:Porträt des Kaiser Karl VI im Krönungsornat.png|100px]]
| [[File:Greater Coat of Arms of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor.svg|100px]]
| [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]]<br/>{{Small|1685–1740}}
| colspan=2 | [[1711 imperial election|12 October 1711]]
| 20 October 1740
| Brother of [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph I]]<br/>Son of [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold I]]
| class=small |
  {{Collapsible list
  | bullets=on
  | title='''Full list'''
  | [[King of Germany]]
  | [[King of Bohemia]]
  | [[King of Hungary]]
  | [[King of Croatia]]
  | [[Archduke of Austria]]
  | [[King of Naples]]
  | [[King of Sicily]]
  | [[King of Sardinia]]
  | [[Duke of Luxemburg]]
  | [[Duke of Teschen]]
  | [[Duke of Parma and Piacenza]]
  | [[Count of Flanders]]
  }}

|}

====1742–1745: House of Wittelsbach====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! [[Coats of arms of Holy Roman Emperors|Coat of arms]]
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! Term as King began
! Term as Emperor began
! Term(s) ended
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Carl Albrecht VII, by workshop of George Desmarees.jpg|142x142px]]
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Charles VII Albert, Holy Roman Emperor.svg|166x166px]]
| [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VII]]<br/>{{Small|1697–1745}}
| colspan=2 | [[1742 imperial election|24 January 1742]]
| 20 January 1745
| Great-great-grandson of [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]]<br/>Son-in-law of [[Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph I]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[King of Bohemia]]
* [[Elector of Bavaria]]

|}

====1745–1765: House of Lorraine====
{{Main|House of Lorraine}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! [[Coats of arms of Holy Roman Emperors|Coat of arms]]
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! Term as King began
! Term as Emperor began
! Term(s) ended
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Kaiser Franz I Stephan im Krönungsornat.jpg|100px]]
| [[File:Coat of Arms of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor.svg|100px]]
| [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I]]<br/>{{Small|1708–1765}}
| colspan=2 | [[1745 imperial election|13 September 1745]]
| 18 August 1765
| Great-grandson of [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand III]]<br/>Son-in-law of [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[Archduke of Austria]]
* [[Grand Duke of Tuscany]]
* [[Duke of Lorraine]]

|}

====1765–1806: House of Habsburg-Lorraine====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Portrait
! [[Coats of arms of Holy Roman Emperors|Coat of arms]]
! Name<br/>{{Small|Lifespan}}
! Term as King began
! Term as Emperor began
! Term(s) ended
! Relationship with predecessor(s)
! Other title(s)

|-
| [[File:Kaiser Joseph II. mit den Reichsinsignien.png|100px]]
| [[File:Greater Coat of Arms of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor.svg|100px]]
| [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]]<br/>{{Small|1741–1790}}
| [[1764 imperial election|27 March 1764]]
| 18 August 1765
| 20 February 1790
| Son of [[Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis I]]<br/>and Empress [[Maria Theresa|Maria Theresa of Austria]], ''de facto'' ruler of the empire<br/>Grandson of [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[King of Bohemia]]
* [[King of Hungary]] and [[King of Croatia|Croatia]]
* [[Archduke of Austria]]

|-
| [[File:Kaiser Leopold II im Reichsinsignien Ornat.jpg|100px]]
| rowspan=2 | [[File:Greater coat of arms of Leopold II and Francis II, Holy Roman Emperors.svg|100px]]
| [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]]<br/>{{Small|1747–1792}}
| colspan=2 | [[1790 imperial election|30 September 1790]]
| 1 March 1792
| Brother of [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[King of Bohemia]]
* [[King of Hungary]] and [[King of Croatia|Croatia]]
* [[Archduke of Austria]]
* [[Grand Duke of Tuscany]]

|-
| [[File:Ludwig Streitenfeld 001.jpg|100px]]
| [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Francis II]]<br/>{{Small|1768–1835}}
| colspan=2 | [[1792 imperial election|5 July 1792]]
| 6 August 1806
| Son of [[Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor|Leopold II]]
| class=small | 
* [[King of Germany]]
* [[King of Bohemia]]
* [[King of Hungary]] and [[King of Croatia|Croatia]]
* [[Archduke of Austria]]
* [[Emperor of Austria]]

|}