Editing Holmenkollbakken (section)

===Olympic hill===
The day after the race in 1927, the superstructure collapsed, caused by rot in combination with a heavy snowfall. This caused the introduction of public control with scaffolding and [[bleacher]]s in Norway. By then, Holmenkollbakken was lagging behind internationally, and the world record at the time had exceeded 60&nbsp;meters. It was therefore decided that a new superstructure would be {{convert|19|m|sp=us}} tall and moved {{convert|9|m|sp=us}} further back.<ref name=v36 /> Besserudtjernet was partially drained in 1928, but the hotels, which received their water from the lake, would not allow draining the following years.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=51}}</ref> In 1931, the lake was fully drained, which allowed the out-run to be longer.<ref name=v36 /> In the 1930s, talk of an 80-meter hill started, which would potentially be built in [[Rødkleiva]], further out in Nordmarka. The Association for the Promotion of Skiing made a formal investigation into the matter in 1937.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=37}}</ref> There was agreement that the venue was becoming too small for international competitions.<ref name=v38>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=38}}</ref>

Following the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1940 being awarded to Oslo, the Association for the Promotion of Skiing decided to build a larger in-run. Construction started in 1938 and consisted of a {{convert|40|m|sp=us|adj=on}} tall in-run tower. The take-off was moved {{convert|12|m|sp=us}} further back and {{convert|6|m|sp=us}} higher. The new structure was inaugurated in 1940, although the World Championships were canceled due to the [[Second World War]]. The venue was subsequently left unused for five years during the [[German occupation of Norway]]. German forces used the hill as a site for anti-aircraft artillery and the in-run was painted green. In 1945, the venue received a new upgrade, this time with new grandstands and a larger profile.<ref name=v38 />

[[File:Holmenkollbakken 1952.jpg|thumb|The hill in 1952, one week after the [[1952 Winter Olympics]] had been held there]]
In 1948, Oslo was awarded to host the [[1952 Winter Olympics]]. This caused a bonanza of plans, one superseding the other.<ref name=v38 /> Until then, the grandstand on the sides of the hill had been temporary; prior to the Olympics these were rebuilt as permanent.<ref name=v120>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=120}}</ref> A new grandstand was built, a jury tower was constructed, as was facilities for the delegates, the royal family and radio broadcasting.<ref name=v38 /> The in-run was rebuilt; while it previously had been a mess of open, wooden structures, it was shelled in, painted white and received an elevator.<ref name=v39>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=39}}</ref> The hill had to be expanded, and to allow this, the landing slope needed to be lifted by being built as an artificial structure. Below the lifted part of the hill was built a three-story building, with the ski museum in the lower two floors and a restaurant in the top floor.<ref name=v120 /> The lake was dug {{convert|6|m|sp=us}} deep and made a swimming pool during the summer. The upgrades cost NOK&nbsp;1.5 million, paid for by Oslo Municipality.<ref name=v39 /> These upgrades resulted in an artificial lake being constructed in the off-run, which became a recreational and swimming venue for the city's residents. The lake was at the time {{convert|3|m|sp=us}} deep and had a typical temperature of {{convert|10|C}}.<ref name=v52>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=52}}</ref> Oslo had a [[Oslo bid for the 1968 Winter Olympics|failed bid]] for the [[1968 Winter Olympics]].<ref name=olbid>{{cite web |url=http://www.byarkivet.oslo.kommune.no/article71283-961.html |title=Oslos thtre OL-søknader |author=Oslo City Archives |date=7 September 2006 |language=no |access-date=1 March 2011 |archive-date=22 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722123545/http://www.byarkivet.oslo.kommune.no/article71283-961.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Following Oslo's decision to bid for the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1966, it became evident that more upgrades would be needed to meet the [[International Ski Federation]]'s requirements. To allow for longer jumps, the take-off needed to be moved {{convert|10|m|sp=us}} back, and the lake dug deeper, with new concrete stands being built into the sides. Combined with the tower being built taller, this gave a {{convert|56|m|sp=us|adj=on}} height difference between the start and the off-run, allowing for the desired lengths. The championships were the first to use computer to calculate the scores, but communication still used wired telephones, as had been used during the Olympics. The [[public announcement]] and [[scoreboard]] systems remained manual.<ref name=v39 />

[[File:Oslo Holenkollen 1975.jpg|thumb|The hill during the summer of 1975]]
By 1971, the Association for the Promotion of Skiing was no longer making much money off the Ski Festival, and they started discussing rebuilding the entire complex.  [[Rolf Ramm Østgaard]] made a proposal which would include a twin hill, with both a normal and large hill. Again the proposal of building the large hill at Rødkleiva was launched. The arguments for keeping the hill at Holmenkollen was that it would allow for a close connection between the ski jumping and cross-country skiing events. However, Holmenkollen, because it was built with a superstructure, was plagued with wind. Experience from among other things [[Salpausselkä skiing stadium|Salpausselkä]] in [[Lahti]], Finland, showed that this could be partially combated by building the jump into the hill. No immediate solution was found, and maintenance of the old structure continued.<ref name=v39 /> Lighting which allowed the venue to be seen from the city during night was installed in 1977. The main problem was the elevator, which was eventually replaced in 1978.<ref name=v42>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=42}}</ref> During the 1970s, a stage was built in the lake, which allowed concerts, plays and other entertainment events to take place.<ref name=v53>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=53}}</ref> Oslo City Council considered bidding for the [[1980 Winter Olympics]] during the 1970s, but it was found that it would not be a suitable investment.<ref name=olbid />

In 1979, Oslo was awarded the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1982, and further upgrades to the hill were necessary. The costs of the upgrades were NOK&nbsp;50 million, of which the Norwegian Ski Federation paid NOK&nbsp;5 million, and Oslo Municipality and the state split the rest.<ref name=v42 /> The large expenditures resulted in a public debate.<ref name=v43>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=43}}</ref> The upgrades saw the introduction of electronics into most parts of the venue. The old system of manual distance measurement by people standing beside the hill was abolished, and replaced by the video-based system Robotron. Other new installations was an electronic result and scoreboard system, a new time-keeping and speed system, and a new central system to calculate scores.<ref name=v42 /> The in-run was expanded, and a mobile start platform was installed, but later removed and replaced by a bar. The knoll and landing slope were adjusted, and the straight section was moved {{convert|10|m|sp=us}} further down. In the transition to the out-run, {{convert|130000|m3|sp=us}} of earthwork was blasted away, and Besserudtjernet was sunk another {{convert|7|m|sp=us}}. This allowed for additional grandstands to be built and the last wooden grandstands were removed. New structures were built for delegates, broadcasting and the jury.<ref name=v44>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=44}}</ref>

[[File:Holmenkollen ski jump.jpg|thumb|left|The in-run in 2007]]
The Robotron system was found to be unreliable, and was taken out of use in 1986.<ref name=v44 /> In 1990, a [[porcelain]] track was laid in the in-run.<ref name=v45>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=45}}</ref> An aluminum stage was also built across the off-run, which could be used for concerts during the summer.<ref name="v53"/> In 1992, the hill was further expanded by digging down another {{convert|3.5|m|sp=us}}. This increased the K-point from 105 to 110. From 1992, the venue used a system of video still images to determine the length.<ref name=v45 /> Following the decision to upgrade the hill in 1991, [[Kollenhopp]] was established. A cooperation between the ski jumping clubs in [[Eastern Norway]], it was to create more jumping activity in Holmenkollbakken, similar to the success of [[Trønderhopp]].<ref>{{harvnb|Thoresen|2007|p=223}}</ref> From 1992, the hill received [[Floodlights (sport)|floodlighting]], allowing events to be scheduled into the evening, and the organizers able to move events to the evening, if wind conditions were not good during the day.<ref name=v42 />