Editing Holland Tunnel (section)

==== Materials and dimensions ====
Each tube has a {{convert|29.5|ft|m|adj=on}} diameter, and the two tubes run {{convert|15|ft|m}} apart under the Hudson River. The exteriors of each tube are composed of a series of cast iron rings, each of which comprises 14 curved steel pieces that are each {{convert|6|ft|m}} long. The steel rings are covered by a {{convert|19|in|cm|adj=mid|-thick}} layer of concrete.<ref name="nris" />{{rp|3}} Each tube provides a {{convert|20|ft|m|adj=on|1}} roadway with two lanes and {{convert|12|ft|6|in|m}} of [[Structure gauge|vertical clearance]]. The north tube is {{convert|8558|ft|m|0}} between portals, while the south tube is slightly shorter, at {{convert|8371|ft|m|0}}.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2008a|name=Holland Tunnel|refnum=93001619|access-date=May 19, 2018|dateform=mdy}}</ref>{{rp|3}}<ref name="Stats" /> If each tube's immediate approach roads are included, the north tube is {{convert|9,210|ft|m|0}} long and the south tube {{convert|9,275|ft|m|0}} long.<ref name="nris" />{{rp|3}} Most vehicles carrying [[Dangerous goods|hazmat]]s, trucks with more than three [[axle]]s, and vehicles towing [[Trailer (vehicle)|trailers]] cannot use the tunnel. There is a width limit of {{convert|8|ft}} for vehicles entering the tunnel.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/holland-tunnel-traffic-restrictions.html |title = Traffic Restrictions |publisher = Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |access-date = October 11, 2018 |archive-date = October 11, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181011215133/https://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/holland-tunnel-traffic-restrictions.html |url-status = live }}</ref>

Both tubes' underwater sections are {{convert|5410|ft|m}} long and are situated in the silt beneath the river.<ref name="nris" />{{rp|3}}  The lowest point of the roadways is about {{convert|93|ft|m|1}} below mean high water. The lowest point of the tunnel ceiling is about {{convert|72|ft|m|1}} below mean high water.<ref name="Stats">{{cite web|url=https://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/holland-tunnel-facts-info.html|title=Holland Tunnel Statistics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516015641/https://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/holland-tunnel-facts-info.html |archive-date=May 16, 2018|website=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|date=May 11, 2018}}</ref><ref name="nyt-1926-05-30">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1926/05/30/archives/great-vehicular-tunnel-nearly-completed-holland-tube-under-hudson.html|title=Great Vehicular Tunnel Nearly Completed|date=May 30, 1926|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=May 8, 2018|archive-date=May 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510054227/https://www.nytimes.com/1926/05/30/archives/great-vehicular-tunnel-nearly-completed-holland-tube-under-hudson.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="New York Sun 1927">{{Cite news|title=$48,000,000 Traffic Tunnel Under Hudson Opens To-day|date=November 12, 1927|work=New York Sun|pages=[http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2018/New%20York%20NY%20Sun/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201927/New%20York%20NY%20%201927%20-%205860.pdf 1], [http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2018/New%20York%20NY%20Sun/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201927/New%20York%20NY%20%201927%20-%205864.pdf 5]}}</ref> The tubes descend at a maximum grade of 4.06% and ascend at a grade of up to 3.8%.<ref name="New York Sun 1927" />  The tubes stretch an additional {{convert|1000|ft|m}} from the eastern shoreline to the New York portals, and {{convert|500|ft|m}} from the western shoreline to the New Jersey portals.<ref name="nris" />{{rp|4}} These sections of the tunnel are more rectangular in shape, since they were built as open cuts that were later covered over.<ref name="nris" />{{rp|4}} The walls and ceiling are furnished with glazed ceramic tiles, which were originally engineered to minimize staining.<ref name="New York Sun 1927" /> The majority of the tiles are white, but there is a two-tile-high band of yellow-orange tiles at the bottom of each tube's walls, as well as two-tile-high band of blue tiles on the top.<ref name="nris" />{{rp|4}}<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hannan|first=Frank|title=Abstracts Of Water Works Literature|journal=American Water Works Association|volume=15|number=6|year=1926|pages=720–737|doi=10.1002/j.1551-8833.1926.tb13413.x|jstor=41227220|bibcode=1926JAWWA..15f.720H }}</ref>

The northern tube, which carries westbound traffic, originates at [[Broome Street]] in [[Lower Manhattan]] between [[Varick Street|Varick]] and [[Hudson Street (Manhattan)|Hudson Streets]]. It continues to [[14th Street (Manhattan)|14th Street]] east of Marin Boulevard in [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]]. The southern tube, designed for eastbound traffic, originates at 12th Street east of Marin Boulevard, and surfaces at the Holland Tunnel Rotary in [[Manhattan]].<ref name="nyt-1926-05-30" /> The entrance and exit ramps to and from each portal are lined with granite and are {{convert|30|ft|m}} wide.<ref name="nris" />{{rp|5}} Although the two tubes' underwater sections are parallel and adjacent to each other, the tubes' portals on either side are located two blocks apart in order to reduce congestion on each side.<ref name="nyt-1927-10-02">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1927/10/02/archives/how-it-feels-to-ride-in-the-holland-tube-reporter-tells-experiences.html|title=How It Feels To Ride In The Holland Tube|date=October 2, 1927|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=May 9, 2018|archive-date=May 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510052808/https://www.nytimes.com/1927/10/02/archives/how-it-feels-to-ride-in-the-holland-tube-reporter-tells-experiences.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nris" />{{rp|4}}

The Holland Tunnel's tubes initially contained a road surface made of [[Sett (paving)|Belgian blocks]] and concrete. This was replaced with asphalt in 1955.<ref name="nris" />{{rp|5}} Each tube contains a catwalk on its left (inner) side, raised {{convert|4|ft|m}} above the roadway.<ref name="nyt-1926-05-30" /> Five emergency-exit cross-passages connect the two tubes' inner catwalks.<ref name="nris" />{{rp|6}} When the Holland Tunnel opened, the catwalk was equipped with police booths and a telephone system, stationed at intervals of {{convert|250|ft|m}}.<ref name="nyt-1927-10-02" />