Editing History of the Philippines (section)

===Maritime Jade Road===
The [[Maritime Jade Road]] was initially established by the animist indigenous peoples between the Philippines and Taiwan, and later expanded to cover Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and other countries.<ref>Hsiao-Chun Hung, et al. (2007). Ancient jades map 3,000 years of prehistoric exchange in Southeast Asia. PNAS.</ref> Artifacts made from white and green [[Jade|nephrite]] have been discovered at a number of archeological excavations in the Philippines since the 1930s. The artifacts have been both tools like [[adze]]s<ref name=UCLA1981>Father Gabriel Casal & Regalado Trota Jose, Jr., Eric S. Casino, George R. Ellis, Wilhelm G. Solheim II, ''The People and Art of the Philippines'', printed by the Museum of Cultural History, UCLA (1981)</ref> and [[chisel]]s, and ornaments such as lingling-o earrings, bracelets and beads.<ref name="uno">Bellwood, Peter, Hsiao-Chun Hung, and Yoshiyuki Iizuka. "Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction." Paths of Origins: The Austronesian Heritage in the Collections of the National Museum of the Philippines, the Museum Nasional Indonesia, and the Netherlands Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde (2011): 31–41.</ref> Tens of thousands were found in a single site in [[Batangas]].{{sfn|Scott|1984|p=17}}<ref name="Pathos of Origin">{{cite book |last1=Bellwood |first1=Peter |title=Pathos of Origin |date=2011 |pages=31–41}}</ref> The jade is said to have originated nearby in Taiwan and is also found in many other areas in insular and mainland Southeast Asia. These artifacts are said to be evidence of long range communication between prehistoric Southeast Asian societies.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hsiao-Chun|first1=Hung|title=Ancient jades map 3,000 years of prehistoric exchange in Southeast Asia|date=2007}}</ref> Throughout history, the Maritime Jade Road has been known as one of the most extensive sea-based trade networks of a single geological material in the prehistoric world, existing for 3,000 years from 2000 BCE to 1000 CE.<ref>Tsang, Cheng-hwa (2000), "Recent advances in the Iron Age archaeology of Taiwan", Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 20: 153–158, doi:10.7152/bippa.v20i0.11751</ref><ref>Turton, M. (2021). [https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2021/05/17/2003757527 Notes from central Taiwan: Our brother to the south. Taiwan's relations with the Philippines date back millennia, so it's a mystery that it's not the jewel in the crown of the New Southbound Policy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324023227/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2021/05/17/2003757527 |date=March 24, 2022 }}. Taiwan Times.</ref><ref>Everington, K. (2017). Birthplace of Austronesians is Taiwan, capital was Taitung: Scholar. Taiwan News.</ref><ref>Bellwood, P., H. Hung, H., Lizuka, Y. (2011). Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction. Semantic Scholar.</ref> The operations of the Maritime Jade Road coincided with an era of near absolute peace which lasted for 1,500 years, from 500 BCE to 1000 CE.<ref>Mallari, P. G. S. (2014). War and peace in precolonial Philippines. The Manila Times.</ref> During this peaceful pre-colonial period, not a single burial site studied by scholars yielded any osteological proof for violent death. No instances of mass burials were recorded as well, signifying the peaceful situation of the islands. Burials with violent proof were only found from burials beginning in the 15th century, likely due to the newer cultures of expansionism imported from India and China. When the Spanish arrived in the 16th century, they recorded some warlike groups, whose cultures have already been influenced by the imported Indian and Chinese expansionist cultures of the 15th century.<ref>Junker, L. L. (1999). Raiding, Trading, and Feasting: The Political Economy of Philippine Chiefdoms. University of Hawaii Press.</ref>