Editing History of radio (section)

==Proposed applications==

Between 1890 and 1892 physicists such as John Perry, [[Frederick Thomas Trouton]] and [[William Crookes]] proposed electromagnetic or Hertzian waves as a navigation aid or means of communication, with Crookes writing on the possibilities of wireless [[telegraphy]] based on Hertzian waves in 1892.<ref name="Sungookp1to5">Hong (2001) pp. 5–10</ref> Among physicists, what were perceived as technical limitations to using these new waves, such as delicate equipment, the need for large amounts of power to transmit over limited ranges, and its similarity to already existent optical light transmitting devices, lead them to a belief that applications were very limited. The Serbian American engineer [[Nikola Tesla]] considered Hertzian waves relatively useless for long range transmission since "light" could not transmit further than [[Line-of-sight propagation|line of sight]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://earlyradiohistory.us/tesla.htm|title=Nikola Tesla: The Guy Who DIDN'T 'Invent Radio'|date = 1 November 2012|author=Thomas H. White|work=earlyradiohistory.us}}</ref> There was speculation that this fog and stormy weather penetrating "invisible light" could be used in maritime applications such as lighthouses.<ref name="Sungookp1to5"/> The London journal ''The Electrician'' (December 1895) commented on Bose's achievements, saying "we may in time see the whole system of coast lighting throughout the navigable world revolutionized by an Indian Bengali scientist working single handed[ly] in our Presidency College Laboratory."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/1027507/jagadish-chandra-bose-the-first-complete-biography-investigates-his-life-as-well-as-his-science|title=Jagadish Chandra Bose: The first complete biography investigates his life as well as his science|first=Kunal|last=Ghosh|date=July 4, 2022|website=Scroll.in}}</ref>

In 1895, adapting the techniques presented in Lodge's published lectures, Russian physicist [[Alexander Stepanovich Popov]] built a [[lightning detector]] that used a coherer based radio receiver.<ref>Christopher H. Sterling, ''Encyclopedia of Radio'', Routledge – 2003, p. 1820</ref> He presented it to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society on May 7, 1895.