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===Trade with India and China=== In ancient Indian literature, the term ''[[Suvarnadvipa]]'' (''Golden Peninsula)'' is used in the ''[[Ramayana]]''; some argue that this is a reference to the Malay Peninsula. The ancient Indian text ''[[Vayu Purana]]'' also mentions a place named ''[[Malayadvipa]]''; this term may refer to Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula.<ref>{{cite journal |jstor=41559897 |title=An Introduction to the Study of Ancient Times in the Malay Peninsula and the Straits of Malacca |first=Roland |last= Braddell|journal=Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society|volume=15|number=3 (129) |date=December 1937|pages=64–126}}</ref> The Malay Peninsula was shown on [[Ptolemy]]'s [[Ptolemy's world map|map]] as the ''[[Golden Chersonese]]''.<ref>[http://www.cebu-online.com/makeitcebu/12thaseansummit/members/malaysia.php ASEAN Member: Malaysia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219192107/http://www.cebu-online.com/makeitcebu/12thaseansummit/members/malaysia.php |date=19 February 2020 }} Retrieved 29 May 2008.</ref> Trade relations with China and India were established in the 1st century BC.<ref>{{cite book|author=Derek Heng|title=Sino–Malay Trade and Diplomacy from the Tenth through the Fourteenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cLE_ToRyuLsC&pg=PT39|date=15 November 2009|publisher=Ohio University Press|isbn=978-0-89680-475-3|page=39}}</ref> Shards of Chinese pottery have been found in [[Borneo]] dating from the 1st century following the [[southward expansion of the Han dynasty]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Gernet|title=A History of Chinese Civilization|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofchinese00gern|url-access=registration|year=1996|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-49781-7|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofchinese00gern/page/127 127]}}</ref> In the early centuries of the first millennium, the people of the Malay Peninsula adopted the Indian religions of [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]], which had a major effect on the language and culture of those living in Malaysia.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ishtiaq Ahmed|author2=Professor Emeritus of Political Science Ishtiaq Ahmed|title=The Politics of Religion in South and Southeast Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2T8oSfy3GZgC&pg=PA129|date=4 May 2011|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-136-72703-0|page=129}}</ref> The [[Sanskrit]] writing system was used as early as the 4th century.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Stephen Adolphe Wurm|author2=Peter Mühlhäusler|author3=Darrell T. Tryon|title=Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oCx0D0iE2QoC|year=1996|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-013417-9}}</ref>
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