Editing History of Germany (section)

===Bronze Age===
{{See also|Bronze Age Europe|Unetice culture|Nordic Bronze Age|Tumulus culture|Urnfield culture}}
{{multiple image| align = right | direction = horizontal | header = | header_align = left/right/center | footer = | footer_align = left | image1 = Nebra disc 1.jpg | width1 = 165 | caption1 = The [[Nebra sky disc]], [[Unetice culture]], {{Circa|1800–1600 BC}}<ref name="Halle">{{Cite web |title=Nebra Sky Disc |url=https://www.landesmuseum-vorgeschichte.de/en/nebra-sky-disc.html |website=Halle State Museum of Prehistory}}</ref> | image2 = Speyer-2009-historisches-museum-026.jpg| width2 = 140 | caption2  = [[Golden Hat of Schifferstadt]], [[Urnfield culture]], c. 1400 BC}}

The settlers of the [[Corded Ware culture]] ({{Circa|2900 BC|2350 BC}}), that had spread all over the fertile plains of Central Europe during the Late Neolithic were of [[Indo-Europeans|Indo-European]] ancestry. The Indo-Europeans had, via mass-migration, arrived into the heartland of Europe around 4,500 years ago.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Haak |first1=Wolfgang |last2=Lazaridis |first2=Iosif |last3=Patterson |first3=Nick |last4=Rohland |first4=Nadin |last5=Mallick |first5=Swapan |last6=Llamas |first6=Bastien |last7=Brandt |first7=Guido |last8=Nordenfelt |first8=Susanne |last9=Harney |first9=Eadaoin |last10=Stewardson |first10=Kristin |last11=Fu |first11=Qiaomei |last12=Mittnik |first12=Alissa |last13=Bánffy |first13=Eszter |last14=Economou |first14=Christos |last15=Francken |first15=Michael |last16=Friederich |first16=Susanne |last17=Pena |first17=Rafael Garrido |last18=Hallgren |first18=Fredrik |last19=Khartanovich |first19=Valery |last20=Khokhlov |first20=Aleksandr |last21=Kunst |first21=Michael |last22=Kuznetsov |first22=Pavel |last23=Meller |first23=Harald |last24=Mochalov |first24=Oleg |last25=Moiseyev |first25=Vayacheslav |last26=Nicklisch |first26=Nicole |last27=Pichler |first27=Sandra L. |last28=Risch |first28=Roberto |last29=Rojo Guerra |first29=Manuel A. |last30=Roth |first30=Christina |last31=Szécsényi-Nagy |first31=Anna |last32=Wahl |first32=Joachim |last33=Meyer |first33=Matthias |last34=Krause |first34=Johannes |last35=Brown |first35=Dorcas |last36=Anthony |first36=David |last37=Cooper |first37=Alan |last38=Alt |first38=Kurt Werner |last39=Reich |first39=David |title=Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe |journal=Nature |date=11 June 2015 |volume=522 |issue=7555 |pages=207–211 |doi=10.1038/nature14317 |pmid=25731166 |pmc=5048219 |arxiv=1502.02783 |bibcode=2015Natur.522..207H }}</ref>

By the late [[Bronze Age Europe|Bronze Age]], the [[Urnfield culture]] ({{Circa|1300 BC|750 BC}}) had replaced the [[Bell Beaker culture|Bell Beaker]], [[Unetice culture|Unetice]] and [[Tumulus culture]]s in central Europe,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Iñigo Olalde |date=8 March 2018 |title=The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe |journal=Nature |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology |volume=555 |issue=7695 |pages=190–196 |bibcode=2018Natur.555..190O |doi=10.1038/nature25738 |pmc=5973796 |pmid=29466337}}</ref> whilst the [[Nordic Bronze Age]] had developed in Scandinavia and northern Germany. The name comes from the custom of [[cremation|cremating]] the dead and placing their ashes in [[urn]]s, which were then buried in fields. The first usage of the name occurred in publications over grave sites in southern Germany in the late 19th century.<ref>{{cite thesis |author=Louwen, A.J |date=2021 |type=PhD |publisher=Leiden University |title=Breaking and making the ancestors. Piecing together the urnfield mortuary process in the Lower-Rhine-Basin, c. 1300–400 BC |url=https://www.academia.edu/85067342}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Probst |first1=Ernst |title=Deutschland in der Bronzezeit : Bauern, Bronzegiesser und Burgherren zwischen Nordsee und Alpen |date=1996 |publisher=C. Bertelsmann |location=München |isbn=978-3570022375 |page=258}}</ref> Over much of Europe, the Urnfield culture followed the [[Tumulus culture]] and was succeeded by the [[Hallstatt culture]].<ref name=chadcorc>{{cite book|last=Chadwick and Corcoran|first=Nora and J.X.W.P.|title=The Celts|year=1970|publisher=Penguin Books|pages=28–29}}</ref> The [[Italic peoples]], including the [[Latins (Italic tribe)|Latins]], from which the [[Roman people|Romans]] emerged, come from the Urnfield culture of central Europe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Saupe |first1=Tina |last2=Montinaro |first2=Francesco |last3=Scaggion |first3=Cinzia |last4=Carrara |first4=Nicola |last5=Kivisild |first5=Toomas |last6=D’Atanasio |first6=Eugenia |last7=Hui |first7=Ruoyun |last8=Solnik |first8=Anu |last9=Lebrasseur |first9=Ophélie |last10=Larson |first10=Greger |last11=Alessandri |first11=Luca |last12=Arienzo |first12=Ilenia |last13=De Angelis |first13=Flavio |last14=Rolfo |first14=Mario Federico |last15=Skeates |first15=Robin |last16=Silvestri |first16=Letizia |last17=Beckett |first17=Jessica |last18=Talamo |first18=Sahra |last19=Dolfini |first19=Andrea |last20=Miari |first20=Monica |last21=Metspalu |first21=Mait |last22=Benazzi |first22=Stefano |last23=Capelli |first23=Cristian |last24=Pagani |first24=Luca |last25=Scheib |first25=Christiana L. |title=Ancient genomes reveal structural shifts after the arrival of Steppe-related ancestry in the Italian Peninsula |journal=Current Biology |date=June 2021 |volume=31 |issue=12 |pages=2576–2591.e12 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.022 |pmid=33974848 |s2cid=234471370 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021CBio...31E2576S |hdl=11585/827581 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aneli |first1=Serena |last2=Caldon |first2=Matteo |last3=Saupe |first3=Tina |last4=Montinaro |first4=Francesco |last5=Pagani |first5=Luca |title=Through 40,000 years of human presence in Southern Europe: the Italian case study |journal=Human Genetics |date=October 2021 |volume=140 |issue=10 |pages=1417–1431 |doi=10.1007/s00439-021-02328-6 |pmc=8460580 |pmid=34410492 }}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Saupe|Montinaro|Scaggion|Carrara|2021}} "The results suggest that the Steppe-related ancestry component could have first arrived through Late N/Bell Beaker groups from [[Central Europe]]."</ref>
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