Editing Hissène Habré (section)

==Rule==
[[File:President Ronald Reagan with President Hissène Habré of Chad.jpg|left|thumb|306x306px|[[Ronald Reagan]] with Habré at the [[White House]]]]
Habré seized power in Chad and ruled from 1982 until he was deposed in 1990 by Idriss Déby. Habré's one-party ''régime'' was characterized by widespread human rights abuses and atrocities. He denied killing and torturing tens of thousands of his opponents, although in 2012 the United Nations' [[International Court of Justice]] (ICJ) ordered Senegal to put him on trial or extradite him to face justice overseas.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-23119658|title=Senegal police arrest Chad former leader Hissene Habre|publisher=BBC News|date=30 June 2013|access-date=8 March 2015}}</ref>

Following his rise to power Habré created a [[secret police]] force known as the Documentation and Security Directorate (DDS), under which his opponents were tortured and executed.<ref name="BBC profile">{{cite news|title=Profile: Chad's Hissene Habre|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-18927845|access-date=31 May 2016|publisher=BBC News|date=30 May 2016}}</ref> Some methods of torture commonly used by the DDS included burning the body of the detainee with incandescent objects, spraying gas into their eyes, ears and nose, forced swallowing of water, and forcing the mouths of detainees around the [[exhaust pipes]] of running automobiles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usip.org/files/file/resources/collections/commissions/Chad-Report.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716020512/http://www.usip.org/files/file/resources/collections/commissions/Chad-Report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 July 2009 |title=Chad: Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Crimes and Misappropriations Committed by Ex-president Habré, His Accomplices and/or Associates |date=7 May 1992 |publisher=United States Institute of Peace |access-date=3 July 2012}}</ref> Habré's government also periodically engaged in [[ethnic cleansing]] against groups such as the [[Sara people|Sara]], [[Hadjerai]] and the [[Zaghawa people|Zaghawa]], killing and arresting group members en masse when it was perceived that their leaders posed a threat to the regime.<ref name="BBC profile"/>

Habré fled, with $11 million of public money, to Senegal after being overthrown in 1990.<ref name="the Economist" /> He was placed under house arrest in 2005 until his arrest in 2013. He was accused of war crimes and torture during his eight years in power in Chad, where rights groups say that some 40,000 people were killed under his rule.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/africa/senegal/130701/former-chad-president-hissene-habre-detained-may-face-wa|title=Former Chad President Hissene Habre detained, may face war crimes charges|work=GlobalPost|access-date=8 March 2015}}</ref> [[Human Rights Watch]] claims that 1,200 were killed and 12,000 were tortured, and a domestic Chadian commission of inquiry claims that as many as 40,000 were killed and that more than 200,000 were subjected to torture. Human Rights Watch later dubbed Habré "Africa's [[Augusto Pinochet|Pinochet]]."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5140818.stm |title=Profile: Chad's Hissene Habre |date=3 July 2006 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=3 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6919022.stm |title=France to help try Chad ex-leader |date=27 July 2007 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=3 July 2012}}</ref><ref>[http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/02/201329142812801421.html "Africa's Pinochet" or the beginning of "Africa's solutions"?] Al Jazeera</ref>