Editing Henry the Fowler (section)

===Wars over Lotharingia===
[[File:Lotharingia-959.svg|thumb|Map of Lotharingia in the 10th century]]
{{Main|Lotharingia}}
In 920, the king of [[West Francia]], [[Charles the Simple]], invaded and marched as far as [[Pfeddersheim]] near [[Worms, Germany|Worms]], but retreated when he learned that Henry was organizing an army.{{sfn|Poole|1926|p=180}} On 7 November 921, Henry and Charles met and concluded the [[Treaty of Bonn]], in which Henry was recognized as the east Frankish king and Charles rule in Lotharingia was recognized.{{sfn|Bachrach|2012|p=19}} Henry then saw an opportunity to take [[Lotharingia]] when a civil war over royal succession began in West Francia after the coronation of King [[Robert I of France|Robert I]].{{sfn|Bachrach|2012|p=21}} In 923 Henry crossed the Rhine twice, capturing a large part of the duchy.{{sfn|Bachrach|2012|pp=21–22}} The eastern part of Lotharingia was left in Henry's possession until October 924.{{Citation needed|date=November 2009}}

In 925 Duke [[Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine|Gilbert of Lotharingia]] rebelled. Henry invaded the duchy and besieged Gilbert at [[Zülpich]] (Tolbiac), captured the town, and became master of a large portion of his lands. Allowing Gilbert to remain in power as duke, Henry arranged the marriage of his daughter Gerberga to his new vassal in 928. Thus he brought that realm, which had been lost in 910, back into the kingdom as the fifth stem duchy.