Editing Henry IV of England (section)

=== Relationship with Richard II ===
[[File:HenryBolingbrokeClaimsThrone.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Henry of Bolingbroke, flanked by the lords spiritual and temporal, claims the throne in 1399. From a contemporary manuscript, [[British Library]], [[Harleian Collection]]]]

Henry experienced a more inconsistent relationship with King Richard II than his father had. First cousins and childhood playmates, they were admitted together as knights of the [[Order of the Garter]] in 1377, but Henry participated in the [[Lords Appellant]]s' rebellion against the king in 1387.{{Sfn|Bevan|1994|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wsjq_H5uCagC&pg=PA6 6], [https://books.google.com/books?id=wsjq_H5uCagC&pg=PA13 13]}} After regaining power, Richard did not punish Henry, although he did execute or exile many of the other rebellious barons. In fact, Richard elevated Henry from [[Earl of Derby]] to [[Duke of Hereford]].{{sfn|Steel|1962|pp=239{{endash}}240}}

Henry spent all of 1390 supporting the unsuccessful [[Siege of Vilnius (1390)|siege of Vilnius]] (capital of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]) by [[Teutonic Knights]] with 70 to 80 household knights.{{sfn|Given-Wilson|2016|pp=66–68}} During this campaign, he bought captured Lithuanian women and children and took them back to [[Königsberg]] to be converted, even though Lithuanians had already been baptised by [[Poland|Polish]] priests for a decade by then.{{sfn|Given-Wilson|2016|p=69}}

Henry's second expedition to Lithuania in 1392 illustrates the financial benefits to the Order of these guest [[crusaders]]. His small army consisted of over 100 men, including [[longbow]] archers and six minstrels, at a total cost to the Lancastrian purse of £4,360. Despite the efforts of Henry and his English crusaders, two years of attacks on Vilnius proved fruitless. In 1392–93 Henry undertook a pilgrimage to [[Jerusalem]], where he made offerings at the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre|Holy Sepulchre]] and at the [[Mount of Olives]].{{Sfn|Bevan|1994|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wsjq_H5uCagC&pg=PA32 32]}} Later he vowed to lead a crusade to "free Jerusalem from the infidel", but he died before this could be accomplished.{{Sfn|Bevan|1994|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=wsjq_H5uCagC&pg=PA1 1]}}

The relationship between Henry and Richard had a second crisis. In 1398, a remark about Richard's rule by [[Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk]], was interpreted as treason by Henry, who reported it to the king.{{sfn|Lyon|2003|p=122}} The two dukes agreed to undergo a [[duel|duel of honour]] (called by Richard) at Gosford Green near [[Caludon Castle]], Mowbray's home in [[Coventry]]. Yet before the duel could take place, Richard decided to banish Henry from the kingdom (with the approval of Henry's father, John of Gaunt), although it is unknown where he spent his exile, to avoid further bloodshed. Mowbray was exiled for life.{{sfn|Barr|1994|p=146}}

John of Gaunt died in February 1399.{{sfn|Barr|1994|p=146}} Without explanation, Richard cancelled the legal documents that would have allowed Henry to inherit Gaunt's land automatically. Instead, Henry would be required to ask Richard for the lands.{{Sfn|Bevan|1994|page=51}}