Editing Heinz (section)

===20th century===
The H. J. Heinz Company was incorporated in Pennsylvania on July 27, 1900;<ref name="Name change - CA SOS">{{Citation |title=Amended Statement By Foreign Corporation: Kraft Heinz Foods Company |date=July 13, 2015 |url=https://bizfileonline.sos.ca.gov/api/report/GetImageByNum/214036059126087215214236044244171009168202051059 |publisher=[[California Secretary of State]] |access-date=October 16, 2024 |id=Control ID {{abbr|No.|Number}} LBA20895942}}</ref><ref name="Business application - VA SCC">{{Citation |title=Application for a Certificate of Authority to Transact Business in Virginia: Kraft Heinz Foods Company |date=July 24, 2015 |url=https://cis.scc.virginia.gov/CommonHelper/DocumentStorageLocalFileget?DocumentId=2222411&sourceType=1 |publisher=[[Virginia State Corporation Commission]] |access-date=October 16, 2024 |id=Filing {{abbr|No.|Number}} 1507231226}}</ref> Heinz served as its first president, holding that position for the rest of his life. Under his leadership, the company pioneered processes for sanitary food preparation, and led a successful lobbying effort in favor of the [[Pure Food and Drug Act]] in 1906.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Petrick|first1=Gabriella M.|title=Feeding the Masses: H.J. Heinz and the creation of industrial food|publisher=Elsevier Ltd.|doi=10.1016/j.endeavour.2008.11.002|pmid=19181382|volume=33|issue=1|journal=Endeavour|pages=29–34|year=2009}}</ref> In 1908 he established a processing plant in [[Leamington, Ontario]], Canada for tomatoes and other products. Heinz operated it until 2014, when it was sold.<ref>[http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/heinz-to-close-leamington-ont-plant-hundreds-of-jobs-lost-1.1543663 CTV News: Heinz to close Leamington, Ont. plant; hundreds of jobs lost]</ref>

Heinz was a pioneer in both scientific and "technological innovations to solve problems like bacterial contamination".<ref name="colliers"/> He personally worked to control the "purity of his products by managing his employees", offering hot showers and weekly manicures for the women handling food. During [[World War I]], he worked with the Food Administration.<ref name="colliers">{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Heinz, Henry John|year=1921}}</ref>

In 1914, Heinz [[Salad Cream]] was invented in England.<ref>{{cite web|title=Heinz - History|url=http://www.heinz.com/our-company/about-heinz/history.aspx|website=Heinz.com|publisher=H.J. Heinz Company|access-date=June 11, 2015|archive-date=July 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722103135/http://www.heinz.com/our-company/about-heinz/history.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1930, Howard Heinz, son of Henry Heinz, helped to fight the downturn of the Great Depression by selling ready-to-serve soups and baby food. They became top sellers.

The Pittsburgh plant included a large "Heinz service building", which included three dining rooms and a 3,000-seat auditorium. The auditorium included a pipe organ, and Heinz employed an organist to give recitals and musical programs. The original organ was severely damaged in the [[Pittsburgh flood of 1936|1936 Pittsburgh floods]], it was replaced with a new Kimball organ that had four manuals and 57 sets of pipes. The original organ was restored and installed in Grace Methodist Church in [[Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania|Sharpsburg]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 1, 1944 |title=Organ Music is 58th Variety in Heinz Plant |url=https://www.thediapason.com/sites/thediapason/files/194401TheDiapason.pdf |journal=[[The Diapason]] |volume=35 |issue=2 |page=1 |access-date=November 8, 2022 |archive-date=November 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108203153/https://www.thediapason.com/sites/thediapason/files/194401TheDiapason.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

During World War II, [[H. J. Heinz II|"Jack" Heinz]] led the company as president and CEO to aid the United Kingdom and offset food shortages. Its plant in Pittsburgh was converted for a time to manufacture gliders for the War Department.

In the postwar years, Jack Heinz expanded the company to develop plants in several nations overseas, greatly expanding its international presence. He also acquired [[Ore-Ida]] and [[StarKist|Starkist Tuna]].

In 1959, long-time Heinz employee Frank Armour Jr. was elected president<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Personnel: Change of the Week, Jan. 19, 1959|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,869013,00.html|magazine=Time | access-date=January 25, 2016|date=January 19, 1959}}</ref> and COO of H.&nbsp;J. Heinz Co., succeeding H.&nbsp;J. Heinz II. He was the first non-family member to hold the job since the company started in 1869. He became vice chairman in 1966, and later became chairman and CEO of Heinz subsidiary, Ore-Ida Foods Inc.<ref>{{cite news|title=Search Results Guiding Force Behind Heinz Hall, Frank Armour Jr. Dies At 69|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19780510&id=FeEhAAAAIBAJ&pg=2404,4368852&hl=en|newspaper=The Pittsburgh Press|access-date=January 25, 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Heinz logo.svg|thumb|200px|Secondary logo since 1969]]
In 1969, [[Tony O'Reilly]] joined the company's UK subsidiary, soon becoming its [[managing director]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 28, 2002|title=Dethroning Tony|url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2002/1028/154.html|access-date=December 12, 2020|website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> He moved to [[Pittsburgh]] in 1971 when he was promoted to senior vice president for the North America and Pacific region.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 27, 2009|title=Anthony O'Reilly|url=https://www.europeanceo.com/profiles/anthony-oreilly-independent-news-amp-media-group/|access-date=December 12, 2020|website=europeanceo.com}}</ref> By 1973, Heinz selected him as president.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Timberlake|first=Cotten|date=September 3, 1989|title=The Not-So-Secret Life of Heinz Chairman Anthony O'Reilly|url=https://apnews.com/article/15e64df2fe2912af7296249052448903|access-date=December 12, 2020|website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref>  He became CEO in 1979 and chairman in 1987.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last= Nauright|first=John|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|title=Tony O'Reilly|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tony-OReilly|date=July 2, 2007|publisher= Encyclopædia Britannica, inc.}}</ref>

[[File:Heinz oven-baked beans newspaper.png|thumb|right|upright|Heinz Oven-Baked Beans newspaper ad from 1919]]
Between 1981 and 1991, Heinz returned 28% annually, doubling the [[Standard & Poor's]] average annual return for those years.<ref name="fortu2000">{{cite web|title=Bottled Up Profits aren't flowing like they used to at packaged-goods companies. Can green ketchup and Tuna in a Pouch save Heinz? |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2000/09/18/287706/ |date=September 18, 2000 |first=Julie |last=Creswell |publisher=[[CNNMoney.com]] |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |access-date=August 31, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208082640/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2000/09/18/287706/ |archive-date=February 8, 2013 }}</ref>  By 2000, the consolidation of grocery store chains, the spread of retailers such as [[Walmart]], and growth of [[private-label]] brands caused competition for shelf space, and put price pressure on the company's products.<ref name="fortu2000"/>  The decline was also attributed to an inadequate response to broad [[Demographic history of the United States|demographic changes in the United States]], particularly the [[demographics of Hispanic and Latino Americans|growth in population among Hispanic]] and increased spending power of [[African Americans#Demographics|African Americans]].<ref name="fortu2000"/>

In 1998, Tony O'Reilly left Heinz after issues with the company's performance. He faced challenges from corporate governance groups and pension funds including [[CalPERS]].<ref name="BW1997-09-17">Lead cover story: "The CEO and the Board", ''Business Week'', September 15, 1997</ref> He was succeeded by his deputy, [[William R. Johnson]].<ref>{{cite web|date=January 19, 2015|last=Gough|first=Paul J.|url= https://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/blog/morning-edition/2015/01/former-heinz-ceo-named-to-board-of-pepsico.html|title= Former Heinz CEO named to board of PepsiCo|newspaper= [[Pittsburgh Business Times]]}}</ref>