Editing Heidelberg University (section)

===Late Middle Ages===
Between 1414 and 1418, theology and jurisprudence professors of the university took part in the [[Council of Constance]] and acted as counselors for [[Louis III, Elector Palatine|Louis III]], who attended this council as representative of the emperor and chief magistrate of the realm. This resulted in establishing a good reputation for the university and its professors.<ref>{{harvnb|Cser|2007|p=43}}</ref>

Due to the influence of Marsilius, the university initially taught the [[nominalism]] or ''via moderna''. In 1412, both realism and the teachings of [[John Wycliffe]] were forbidden at the university but later, around 1454, the university decided that [[Philosophical realism|realism]] or ''via antique'' would also be taught, thus introducing two parallel ways ({{lang|la|ambae viae}}).<ref name="Gabriel1974">{{harvnb|Gabriel|1974|pages = 459–61}}</ref>

The transition from [[Scholasticism|scholastic]] to [[humanistic]] culture was effected by the chancellor and bishop [[Johann von Dalberg]] in the late 15th century. Humanism was represented at Heidelberg University particularly by the founder of the older German Humanistic School [[Rudolph Agricola]], [[Conrad Celtes]], [[Jakob Wimpfeling]], and [[Johann Reuchlin]]. [[Pope Pius II|Æneas Silvius Piccolomini]] was chancellor of the university in his capacity as provost of [[Worms, Germany|Worms]], and later always favored it with his friendship and good-will as [[Pope Pius II]]. In 1482, [[Pope Sixtus IV]] permitted laymen and married men to be appointed professors in the ordinary of medicine through a papal dispensation. In 1553, [[Pope Julius III]] sanctioned the allotment of ecclesiastical benefices to secular professors.<ref name="catholic1">{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=5611|title=Heidelberg University – Catholic Encyclopedia|access-date=16 May 2008|work=Catholic Online|archive-date=9 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909010059/http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=5611|url-status=live}}</ref>