Editing Hashish (section)

==Substance properties==
Hashish is made from [[cannabinoid]]-rich glandular hairs known as [[trichome]]s, as well as varying amounts of cannabis flower and leaf fragments.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gloss|first1=D|title=An Overview of Products and Bias in Research|journal=Neurotherapeutics|date=October 2015|volume=12|issue=4|pages=731–4|doi=10.1007/s13311-015-0370-x|pmid=26202343|pmc=4604179|type=Review}}</ref> The flowers of a mature female plant contain the most trichomes, though trichomes are also found on other parts of the plant. Certain strains of cannabis are [[cannabis (drug) cultivation|cultivated]] specifically for their ability to produce large amounts of trichomes. The resin reservoirs of the trichomes, sometimes erroneously called [[pollen]] (vendors often use the euphemism "pollen catchers" to describe [[sieve|screened]] [[kief]]-grinders in order to skirt paraphernalia-selling laws), are separated from the plant through various methods.

Hashish samples from India, Lebanon and Morocco confiscated in Europe and Israel in 2005 contained all appreciable amounts of [[cannabidiol]] (CBD), and [[cannabinol]] (CBN), in addition to [[tetrahydrocannabinol]] (THC). In some samples the CBD-content was significantly higher than the THC-content. The simultaneous occurrence of these three cannabinoids constitute the typical, chemical profile of hashish consumed in Europe and Northern Africa. In comparison, most high-potency cannabis products contain only THC. It is believed that the psychotropic effects of hashish are therefore more subtle, and [[sedative]].<ref>Lumír O. Hanuš, Rina Levy, Dafna De La Vega, Limor Katz, Michael Roman & Pavel Tomíček (08 Jun 2016). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07929978.2016.1177983?scroll=top&needAccess=true "The main cannabinoids content in hashish samples seized in Israel and Czech Republic."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911063753/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07929978.2016.1177983?scroll=top&needAccess=true |date=2021-09-11 }} ''tandfonline.org''. p. 182-190. [https://doi.org/10.1080/07929978.2016.1177983 doi:10.1080/07929978.2016.1177983.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420184541/https://brill.com/view/journals/ijps/63/3/article-p182_5.xml |date=2023-04-20 }} Retrieved 10 September 2021.</ref>

In a study conducted in 2014 by Jean-Jaques Filippi, Marie Marchini, Céline Charvoz, Laurence Dujourdy and Nicolas Baldovini (''Multidimensional analysis of cannabis volatile constituents: Identification of 5,5-dimethyl-1-vinylbicyclo[2.1.1]hexane as a volatile marker of hashish, the resin of Cannabis sativa L.'') the researchers linked the characteristic flavour of hashish with a rearrangement of [[myrcene]] caused during the process of manufacture.<ref>Alchimia Blog, ''[https://www.alchimiaweb.com/blogen/hashishene-the-terpene-of-hashish/ Hashishene, the new terpene of cannabis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303050044/https://www.alchimiaweb.com/blogen/hashishene-the-terpene-of-hashish/ |date=2016-03-03 }}''</ref>

Depending on the production process, the product can be contaminated with different amounts of dirt and plant fragments, varying greatly in terms of appearance, texture, odour and potency. Also, adulterants may be added in order to increase weight or modify appearance.<ref name="ChouvyBackground" />