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=== Genetic findings === Studies show extensive gene flows and a very close relationship between the Hakka and the surrounding Han Chinese populations in the south.<ref name="Chen" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=Chunfang |last2=Duan |first2=Lizhong |last3=Li |first3=Yanning |last4=Xie |first4=Qiqian |last5=Wang |first5=Lingxiang |last6=Ru |first6=Kai |last7=Nazir |first7=Shahid |last8=Jawad |first8=Muhammad |last9=Zhao |first9=Yifeng |last10=Wang |first10=Fenfen |last11=Du |first11=Zhengming |last12=Peng |first12=Dehua |last13=Wen |first13=Shao-Qing |last14=Qiu |first14=Pingming |last15=Fan |first15=Haoliang |date=2021-05-24 |title=Insights From Y-STRs: Forensic Characteristics, Genetic Affinities, and Linguistic Classifications of Guangdong Hakka and She Groups |journal=Frontiers in Genetics |language=English |volume=12 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2021.676917 |issn=1664-8021 |doi-access=free|pmid=34108995 |pmc=8181459 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Feng |first1=Yuhang |last2=Zhao |first2=Yutao |last3=Lu |first3=Xiaoyu |last4=Li |first4=Haiyan |last5=Zhao |first5=Kai |last6=Shi |first6=Meisen |last7=Wen |first7=Shaoqing |date=2024-01-22 |title=Forensic analysis and sequence variation of 133 STRs in the Hakka population |journal=Frontiers in Genetics |volume=15 |pages=1347868 |doi=10.3389/fgene.2024.1347868 |issn=1664-8021 |pmc=10839782 |pmid=38317659 |doi-access=free}}</ref> According to a 2009 study published in the ''[[American Journal of Human Genetics]]'', Hakka are principally of Han Chinese descent,<ref name="Chen" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> exhibiting an average genetic difference of 0.32% with other tested Han Chinese persons.<ref name="Chen" /> Nonetheless, compared with other southern Han Chinese groups, the Hakka genetic profile exhibits a slight skew towards northern Han people.<ref name="Chen" /><ref name=":1" /> This is in line with their migratory history as later arrivals to the south than the other Han Chinese groups.
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