Editing Hadad (section)

==Hadad in Egypt==
{{One source section|date=March 2024}}
In the [[Amherst Papyrus]], [[Baal-zephon|Baal Zephon]] (Hadad) is identified with the Egyptian god [[Horus]]: "May Baal from Zephon bless you", [[Amherst Papyrus 63]], 7:3 and in 11:13-14: "and from Zephon may Horus help us". Classical sources translate this name as [[Zeus#Roles and epithets|Zeus Kasios]], since in Pelusium, the statue of Zeus Kasios was considered the image of [[Harpocrates]] (Horus the Child).{{sfn|Kramer|1984|p=266}} Zeus Casius had inherited some traits from [[Apollo]] as well. They also recall his conflict with [[Typhon]] over that mountain ([[Jebel Aqra|''Mount Casius'']] on the Syrian-Turkish border or ''Casion'' near [[Pelusium]] in Egypt). The reason why Baal could be both identified with Horus and his rival [[Set (deity)|Set]]; is because in Egypt the element of the storm was considered foreign as Set was a god of strangers and outsiders, thus because the Egyptians had no better alternative to identify their native god Set with another neighboring deity, they tentatively associated him with Hadad since he was a storm-god, but when the god [[Baal]] (Hadad) is not specifically attributed the traits of rain and thunder and is instead perceived as a god of the sky generically, which is what is embodied by his form "Baal Zaphon" as the chief deity who resides on the mountain (for example a 14th-century letter from the king of Ugarit to the Egyptian pharaoh places Baʿal Zaphon as equivalent to [[Amun]] also),{{sfnp|Niehr|1999|p=153}} in that case he's more similar to the Egyptian Horus in that capacity (comparable to [[Baalshamin]] as well). The different interpretation could also be based on the fact that Set had been associated with Hadad by the [[Hyksos]]. Most likely originally Set referred to another deity also addressed by the title "Baal" (one of the many; an example of this would be the [[Melqart|Baal of Tyre]]) who happened to display storm-like traits especially in Egypt since they were foreign and as such duly emphasized; when instead his weather features probably weren't all that prominent in other cultures who worshipped equivalents of him, but given that the only storm-god available for identification in Semitic culture was Hadad and in Hittite ''Sutekh'' (a war-god who's been hypothesized to be an alternative name of [[Teshub]], but it remains unclear), the traits matched the characteristics of the Egyptian deity, and an association between the two was considered plausible, also given by the fact that both the [[Hittites]] and [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] Hyksos were foreigners in the Egyptian land who brought their gods with them, and their main god happened to display storm-like traits and was also associated with these foreigners who came to [[Egypt]], a characteristic that would make him similar to the perception that the Egyptians had of Set. This would once again echo the mythological motif of a previous chief of the Pantheon who gets replaced by the new generation of deities represented by the younger ascendant ruler and newly appointed chief of the gods, as is the case also for the Hittite "Cycle of [[Kumarbi]]" where [[Teshub]] displaces the previously established [[King of the gods|father of the gods]] Kumarbi. In Amherst XII/15 the same identification as before is once again stated: "Baal from Zephon, Horus" (BT mn Şpn Hr).