Editing Guido of Arezzo (section)

===Early life===
Guido was born sometime between 990 and 999.{{sfn|Palisca|2001a|loc="1. Life"}} This birthdate range was conjectured from a now lost and undated manuscript of the ''[[Micrologus]]'', where he stated that he was age 34 while [[Pope John XIX|John XIX]] was [[pope]] (1024–1033).{{sfn|Palisca|2001a|loc="1. Life"}} Swiss musicologist {{ill|Hans Oesch|de|lt=Hans Oesch's}} dating of the manuscript to 1025–1026 is agreed by scholars [[Claude V. Palisca]], Dolores Pesce and Angelo Mafucci, with Mafucci noting that it is "now unanimously accepted".{{sfn|Palisca|2001a|loc="Introduction"}}{{sfn|Mafucci|2003|loc="Il Parere Di J. Smits Van Waesberghe" ["The Opinion of J. Smits Van Waesberghe"]}}{{refn|Translated as "now unanimously accepted" from the original Italian: "{{lang|it|ormai unanimemente accettata}}".{{sfn|Mafucci|2003|loc="Il Parere Di J. Smits Van Waesberghe" ["The Opinion of J. Smits Van Waesberghe"]}}|group=n}} This would suggest a birthdate of {{circa|991–992}}.{{sfn|Palisca|2001a|loc="Introduction"}}{{refn|Other musicologists have concluded different datings for the ''Micrologus''. {{ill|Jos. Smits van Waesberghe|nl}} had dated the work to 1028–1032, suggesting a birthdate of 994–998,{{sfn|Palisca|2001a|loc="1. Life"}} while Charles Atkinson dated it to {{circa|1026–1028}}, suggesting a birthdate of 992–994.{{sfn|Atkinson|2008|p=220}}|group=n|name=Dates}}

Guido's birthplace is even less certain, and has been the subject of much disagreement between scholars,{{sfn|Mafucci|2003|loc="Introduction", "Il Parere Di J. Smits Van Waesberghe" ["The Opinion of J. Smits Van Waesberghe"]}} with music historian Cesarino Ruini noting that due to Guido's pivotal significance "It is understandable that several locations in Italy claim the honor of having given birth to G[uido]".{{sfn|Ruini|2004}}{{refn|Translated as "It is understandable that several locations in Italy claim the honor of having given birth to G[uido]" from the original Italian: "{{lang|it|È comprensibile che diverse località in Italia rivendichino l'onore di avere dato i natali a G[uido]}}".{{sfn|Ruini|2004}}|group=n}} There are two principal candidates: [[Arezzo]], [[Tuscany]] or the [[Pomposa Abbey]] on the [[Adriatic coast]] near [[Ferrara]].{{sfn|Mafucci|2003|loc="Introduction"}}{{refn|Older commentators have proposed [[historical revisionism|revisionist]] theories that he originated from England or Germany.{{sfn|Ruini|2004}} Mafucci noted that theories other than Arezzo and Pomposa are too baseless to be considered.{{sfn|Mafucci|2003|loc="Note 2"}}|group=n}} Musicologist {{ill|Jos. Smits van Waesberghe|nl}} asserted that he was born in Pomposa due to his strong connection with the Abbey from {{circa|1013–1025}}; according to Van Waesberghe, Guido's [[epitaph]] 'of Arezzo' is because of his stay of about a dozen years there later in life.{{sfn|Mafucci|2003|loc="Il Parere Di J. Smits Van Waesberghe" ["The Opinion of J. Smits Van Waesberghe"]}} Disagreeing with Van Waesberghe's conclusions, Mafucci argued that were Guido born in Pomposa, he would have spent nearly 35 years there and would thus more likely be known as 'of Pomposa'.{{sfn|Mafucci|2003|loc="Il Parere Di J. Smits Van Waesberghe" ["The Opinion of J. Smits Van Waesberghe"]}} Mafucci cites the account of the near-contemporary historian [[Sigebert of Gembloux]] ({{circa|1030}}–1112) who referred to Guido as "Guido Aretinus" (Guido of Arezzo), suggesting that the early use of such a designation means Guido's birthplace was Arezzo.{{sfn|Mafucci|2003|loc="Nascita Aretina Di Guido Monaco" ["Aretina Birth of Guido Monaco"]}} Citing recently unearthed documents in 2003, Mafucci identified Guido with a ''Guido clerico filius Roze'' of the [[Arezzo Cathedral]].{{sfn|Mafucci|2003|loc="Guido Entra Alla Scuola Dei Chierici" ["Guido Enters the School of the Clerks"]}} If Mafucci is correct, Guido would have received early musical education at the Arezzo Cathedral from a [[deacon]] named Sigizo and was ordained as a [[subdeacon]] and active as a [[cantor]].{{sfn|Mafucci|2003|loc="Guido Entra Alla Scuola Dei Chierici" ["Guido Enters the School of the Clerks"], "Guido Lascia Arezzo per Pomposa" ["Guido Leaves Arezzo for Pomposa"]}}{{refn|{{harvtxt|Palisca|2001a}} does not include Mafucci's conclusions; however, it is worth noting that Palisca's ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians|Grove]]'' article was written before the publication of {{harvtxt|Mafucci|2003}}.|group=n}}