Editing Group psychotherapy (section)

==Settings==
Group therapy can form part of the [[Milieu therapy|therapeutic milieu]] of a psychiatric in-patient unit<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Yalom | first1 = Irvin D. | name-list-style = vanc | title = Inpatient Group Psychotherapy | date = 1983 | publisher = Basic Books | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-465-03298-3 }}</ref> or ambulatory psychiatric [[partial hospitalization]] (also known as [[day hospital]] treatment).<ref name="Ogrodniczuk_2005">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ogrodniczuk JS, Steinberg PI | title = A renewed interest in day treatment | journal = Canadian Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 50 | issue = 1 | pages = 77 | date = January 2005 | pmid = 15754672 | doi = 10.1177/070674370505000120 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
In addition to classical "talking" therapy, group therapy in an institutional setting can also include group-based [[expressive therapy|expressive therapies]] such as [[drama therapy]], [[psychodrama]], [[art therapy]], and non-verbal types of therapy such as [[music therapy]] and dance/movement therapy.

Group psychotherapy is a key component of [[milieu therapy]] in a [[therapeutic community]]. The total environment or milieu is regarded as the medium of therapy, all interactions and activities regarded as potentially therapeutic and are subject to exploration and interpretation, and are explored in daily or weekly community meetings.<ref>{{cite book | editor-first1 = Penelope | editor-last1 = Campling | editor-first2 = Rex | editor-last2 = Haigh | name-list-style = vanc |title=Therapeutic communities|date=1998|publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers|location=London|isbn=978-1-85302-626-3|edition=1st}}</ref> However, interactions between the culture of group psychotherapeutic settings and the more managerial norms of external authorities may create 'organizational turbulence' which can critically undermine a group's ability to maintain a safe yet challenging 'formative space'.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fischer|first=Michael Daniel | name-list-style = vanc |title=Organizational Turbulence, Trouble and Trauma: Theorizing the Collapse of a Mental Health Setting|journal=Organization Studies|date=28 September 2012|volume=33|issue=9|pages=1153–1173|doi=10.1177/0170840612448155|s2cid=52219788 }}</ref> Academics at the [[University of Oxford]] studied the inter-organizational dynamics of a national democratic therapeutic community over a period of four years; they found external steering by authorities eroded the community's therapeutic model, produced a crisis, and led to an intractable conflict which resulted in the community's closure.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fischer|first1=Michael Daniel|last2 = Ferlie | first2 = Ewan | name-list-style = vanc |title=Resisting hybridisation between modes of clinical risk management: Contradiction, contest, and the production of intractable conflict|journal=Accounting, Organizations and Society|date=1 January 2013|volume=38|issue=1|pages=30–49|doi=10.1016/j.aos.2012.11.002|s2cid=44146410|url=https://researchbank.acu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1701&context=flb_pub}}</ref>

A form of group therapy has been reported to be effective in psychotic adolescents and recovering addicts.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Giannini | first1 = AJ | year = 2001 | title = Use of fiction in therapy | journal = Psychiatric Times | volume = 18 | issue = 12| pages = 33–34 }}</ref> Projective psychotherapy uses an outside text such as a novel or motion picture to provide a "stable [[delusion]]" for the former cohort and a safe focus for repressed and suppressed emotions or thoughts in the latter. Patient groups read a novel or collectively view a film. They then participate collectively in the discussion of plot, character motivation and author motivation. In the case of films, sound track, cinematography and background are also discussed and processed. Under the guidance of the therapist, defense mechanisms are bypassed by the use of signifiers and semiotic processes. The focus remains on the text rather than on personal issues.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Giannini | first1 = AJ | year = 1993 | title = Tangential symbols | journal = Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | volume = 33 | issue = 12| pages = 1134–1139 | pmid = 7510314 | doi = 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1993.tb03913.x | s2cid = 32304779 }}</ref> It was popularized in the science fiction novel, ''[[Red Orc's Rage]]''.

Group therapy is now often utilized in private practice settings.<ref>{{cite web | first = Jeremy | last = Schwartz | name-list-style = vanc | date = 14 July 2017 | title = 5 Reasons to Consider Group Therapy | url = http://health.usnews.com/health-care/for-better/articles/2017-07-14/5-reasons-to-consider-group-therapy | work = U.S. News & World Report }}</ref>

Group analysis has become widespread in Europe, and especially the United Kingdom, where it has become the most common form of group psychotherapy. Interest from Australia, the former Soviet Union and the African continent is also growing.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Roberts JP | title = Group Psychotherapy | journal = British Journal of Psychiatry|date=2 January 2018|volume=166|issue=1|pages=124–129|doi=10.1192/bjp.166.1.124| pmid = 7894869 | s2cid = 12387450 }}</ref>

[[Psychedelic therapy|Psychedelic-assisted]] group psychotherapy can be more cost-efficient in comparison to individual psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy models, because therapists can split the costs among all participants of the group.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ponomarenko |first1=Polina |last2=Seragnoli |first2=Federico |last3=Calder |first3=Abigail |last4=Oehen |first4=Peter |last5=Hasler |first5=Gregor |date=2023 |title=Can psychedelics enhance group psychotherapy? A discussion on the therapeutic factors |journal=Journal of Psychopharmacology |volume=37 |issue=7 |pages=660–678 |doi=10.1177/02698811231155117 |issn=0269-8811 |pmid=36855289|pmc=10350738 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Newson |first1=Martha |last2=Haslam |first2=S. Alexander |last3=Haslam |first3=Catherine |last4=Cruwys |first4=Tegan |last5=Roseman |first5=Leor |date=2024-09-09 |title=Social identity processes as a vehicle for therapeutic success in psychedelic treatment |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s44220-024-00302-5 |journal=Nature Mental Health |language=en |volume=2 |issue=9 |pages=1010–1017 |doi=10.1038/s44220-024-00302-5 |issn=2731-6076}}</ref>